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一、机械设计面临的新形势目前先进国家的机械工业正处在从单一品种、大批量生产的刚性生产结构向多品种、小批量、应变快的柔性生产结构变化之中。为了适应形势的发展,机械设计工作面临着新的挑战。首先要求产品有较高的综合质量指标,主要是高参数、高效率、低消耗、耐久性和自动化,并要经得起严苛环境的考验。其次要求产品具有使用功能,不仅具有代替手工劳动的机械功能,而且还要有代替人眼的检测功能和代替人脑的部份思维和逻辑运算功能。此外,随着人们的消费水平提高,对机械装置的造型、外观、噪音等方面的要求也不断提高。为了适应瞬息变化的市场要求,必须发展品种,提高竞争能力。这就使得新技术从发明到应用的周期愈来愈短,例如电子显微镜的周期需35年,燃汽轮机则为25年,而数控机床仅有5年。近年来新技术促了机械制造工艺的革新,并在加
First, the new situation facing the mechanical design At present, the machinery industry in the advanced countries is in the process of changing from a rigid single-species, mass-produced rigid structure to a multi-species, small-batch, fast-changing flexible production structure. In order to adapt to the development of the situation, mechanical design work faces new challenges. First of all require the product has a higher overall quality indicators, mainly high parameters, high efficiency, low consumption, durability and automation, and to withstand the harsh environment test. Second, the product requires the use of functions, not only has replaced the mechanical functions of manual labor, but also have to replace the human eye detection and replace the human brain part of the thinking and logic operations. In addition, with the improvement of people’s consumption level, the demands on the appearance, noise and the like of the mechanical device are also constantly increasing. In order to meet the changing market requirements, we must develop varieties to enhance competitiveness. This makes the new technology from the invention to the application cycle shorter and shorter, for example, 35-year cycle of electron microscopes, gas turbine was 25 years, while the CNC machine tool only 5 years. In recent years, new technologies have promoted the innovation of the mechanical manufacturing process and added