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目的了解近期深圳市机关和企、事业单位员工体成分的变化规律和超重、肥胖现状。方法采用便利取样法对2013年7月—2014年1月期间在深圳市某体检中心体检的深圳市机关和企、事业单位员工2321例进行体成分(骨矿物质含量、内脏脂肪区域、体脂肪、体脂百分比、腹部肥胖程度、身体水分含量、去脂体重及身体不同部位体脂百分比)和身高、体重的调查。结果男、女的超重率分别为46.41%和18.94%(标化超重率分别为44.02%和14.51%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=201.01,P=0.000)。男女的肥胖率分别为12.13%和3.57%(标化肥胖率分别为11.11%和2.63%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=48.45,P=0.000)。骨矿物质含量、内脏脂肪区域、体脂肪、体脂百分比、腹部肥胖程度、身体水分含量及去脂体重随着体重的增加而增加并且在正常体重、超重及肥胖组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。男、女骨矿物质量都是在30~40岁的时候最高,分别为(3.03±0.46)kg和(2.27±0.30)kg,且男女差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。内脏脂肪区域在同一性别不同年龄段之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),女性各年龄段中50~59岁组体脂百分比[(34.24±5.39)%]和40~49岁身体水分含量[(28.53±3.77)%]最高;男性体脂百分比[(27.08±5.01)%]在60~岁年龄组最高;男性(0.91±0.06)和女性(0.90±0.05)腹部肥胖程度在60岁~组开始没有差异。男、女性内脏脂肪区域随着年龄的增长而增大,但同年龄的男女之间差异无统计学意义。身体各部位的体脂百分比在正常体重与超重组之间差异无统计学意义,但两组与肥胖组差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论深圳市机关和企、事业单位员工超重率、肥胖率随年龄逐渐升高,体成分随着体重的增加而增加。
Objective To understand the recent body composition changes and the status of overweight and obesity in government agencies, enterprises and public institutions in Shenzhen. Methods A total of 2321 employees from Shenzhen government agencies and enterprises and institutions from July 2013 to January 2014 in Shenzhen physical examination center were enrolled in this study. Body composition (bone mineral content, visceral fat area, body fat , Body fat percentage, degree of abdominal obesity, body moisture content, body fat free and percentage of body fat in different parts of the body) and height and weight. Results The overweight rates of males and females were 46.41% and 18.94%, respectively (standardized rates were 44.02% and 14.51%, respectively), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 201.01, P = 0.000). The obesity rates for men and women were 12.13% and 3.57%, respectively (standardized rates of obesity were 11.11% and 2.63%, respectively), with statistical significance (χ2 = 48.45, P = 0.000). Bone mineral content, visceral fat area, body fat percentage, body fat percentage, degree of abdominal obesity, body moisture content and lean body weight increased with weight gain and had significant difference between normal weight, overweight and obesity group P = 0.000). The mineral content of both females and females was the highest at the age of 30-40 years (3.03 ± 0.46) kg and (2.27 ± 0.30) kg, respectively, with significant difference between men and women (P = 0.000). Visceral fat area had significant difference in different age groups of the same sex (P = 0.000), percentage of body fat in 50 ~ 59 age group [(34.24 ± 5.39)%] in women of all ages and body water in 40 ~ 49 years old (28.53 ± 3.77)%]. The percentage of body fat in males was the highest (27.08 ± 5.01)% in the 60 ~ age group, while the prevalence of abdominal obesity in males (0.91 ± 0.06) and females (0.90 ± 0.05) ~ There is no difference between the beginning of the group. Male and female visceral fat areas increased with age, but no significant difference between men and women of the same age. There was no significant difference in body fat percentage between normal body weight and overweight group in each part of the body, but the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.000). Conclusion The rate of overweight and obesity in institutions, enterprises and public institutions in Shenzhen gradually increase with age, and body composition increases with weight gain.