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为完善以玉米-大豆套作系统为核心的三熟模式配套栽培技术,提高玉米-大豆套作体系下大豆的产量,研究了小麦(A1)、豌豆(A2)、蚕豆(A3)及马铃薯(A4)4种前作处理和施氮0(B1),30(B2)和60(B3)kg·hm-23种水平对大豆农艺性状、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明:前作豌豆和蚕豆处理与前作小麦相比,提高了大豆茎粗、分枝数和R2、R8期的单株干物质积累量,降低了株高,其中,前作为蚕豆处理的大豆茎粗、分枝数、单株干物质积累量比前作为小麦处理的高3.5%、5.9%和5.7%,产量也较小麦前作平均高197.94 kg·hm-2;不同前作下各施氮处理对大豆农艺性状及产量的影响表现不一致,前作蚕豆、豌豆处理,大豆株高和分枝数随施氮量的增加而升高,茎粗和产量随施氮量的增加呈先增后降的趋势;而前作小麦和马铃薯处理的大豆株高、茎粗、分枝数和产量则均随施氮量的增加而提高;所有处理中以A3B2处理组合大豆农艺性状较好,产量最高,即前作蚕豆和施氮30 kg·hm-2时有利于玉米-大豆套作体系下大豆农艺性状的改善和产量的提高。
In order to improve the three-cropping pattern matching cultivation technology with corn-soybean intercropping system as the core and to improve the yield of soybean under the corn-soybean intercropping system, the effects of wheat (A1), pea (A2), faba bean (A3) and potato A4) on the agronomical traits, dry matter accumulation and yield of four soybean cultivars under nitrogen (B1), 30 (B2) and 60 (B3) kg · hm-23 treatments. The results showed that compared with the pre-wheat, the pea and faba bean treatments increased the dry matter accumulation per plant and the plant height at the R2 and R8 stage, The average dry weight, branch number and dry matter accumulation per plant were 3.5%, 5.9% and 5.7% higher than those of the former as wheat, and the average yield was 197.94 kg · hm -2 before wheat. Soybean agronomic traits and yield performance inconsistent, before the treatment of beans, peas, soybean plant height and branch number increased with the increase of nitrogen rate, stem diameter and yield increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer increased first and then decreased While the plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and yield of soybean treated with wheat and potato increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The agronomic characters of all the treatments with A3B2 were the highest and the yield was the highest And nitrogen application of 30 kg · hm-2 was beneficial to the improvement of agronomic characters and yield of soybean under maize-soybean intercropping system.