论文部分内容阅读
元认知理论开创者Flavell(1978)认为,元认知就是人对自己认知活动的认知,具体包括:1.元认知知识,即认知主体所掌握的关于人类如何获得或处理信息的一般知识、与他人在认知方面的差异性和相似性的知识、认识任务与要求的知识、认识方法的知识;2.元认知体验,即伴随认知活动产生的认知体验或情感体验;3.元认知监控,即在认知活动过程中对自己的认知活动积极监控、调节,以达到预定的目标。因此,元认知过程实际上就是指导、调节认知或认识过程,选择有效认知或认识策略的控制执行过程,其核心是对认识或认知活动的自我意识和自我控制。
According to Flavell (1978), a pioneer of metacognition theory, metacognition is the cognition of human cognition activities, including: 1. Metacognitive knowledge, that is, how the cognitive subject has mastered information about how mankind obtains or processes information , Knowledge of differences and similarities in cognition with others, knowledge of tasks and requirements, and knowledge of methods; 2. Metacognitive experiences, cognitive experiences or emotions associated with cognitive activity Experience; 3. Metacognitive monitoring, that is, in the process of cognitive activity on their own cognitive activities to actively monitor and regulate in order to achieve the intended goal. Therefore, the meta-cognitive process is actually guiding, adjusting cognitive or cognitive processes, selecting effective cognitive or cognitive strategies to control the implementation process, the core of which is self-awareness and self-awareness of cognitive or cognitive activities.