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目的了解铁路企业接触危害因素职工的健康状况,探讨化学毒物对铁路职工的健康影响,为管理部门制定管理措施提供依据。方法采用普查的方法,收集接触毒物职工的健康监护资料,分析接触不同毒物对职工健康危害的情况,提出建议措施。结果共有3 925人接触化学毒物,不同毒物对职工健康影响不同,接触汽油或柴油组高血糖、高血压和ST-T改变异常率最高,分别为10.22%、24.19%和13.44%;接触二氧化硫组血常规异常率最高,为13.24%;接触酸碱性物质组高血脂、肝功能异常率最高,分别为38.78%和29.92%;接触锰及其化合物组胸片异常率最高,为3.06%;接触苯及苯系物组心率异常率最高,为22.38%;接触氮氧化物组传导阻滞异常率最高,为7.65%。高血糖、高血脂、高血压、胸片、肝功能、传导阻滞、ST-T改变和心率异常等指标异常率在不同化学毒物组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论铁路职工长期接触化学性职业病危害因素对健康有一定的影响,应进一步加强职业病防治。
Objective To understand the health status of workers exposed to hazardous factors in railway enterprises and to explore the health effects of chemical poisons on railway workers and provide the basis for management to formulate management measures. Methods The method of census was used to collect the data of health guardianship of workers exposed to poisons, analyze the health hazards of workers exposed to different poisons, and put forward the suggestions. Results A total of 3 925 people were exposed to chemical poisons. The effects of different poisons on workers’ health were different. The abnormal rates of hyperglycemia, hypertension and ST-T changes were 10.22%, 24.19% and 13.44%, respectively. Gas exposure to sulfur dioxide The abnormal rate of blood routine was the highest (13.24%), the highest rate of abnormal liver function was 38.78% and 29.92% respectively when exposed to acid and alkali substances, and the abnormal rate of chest radiograph was 3.06% The abnormal rate of heart rate was the highest in benzene and benzene group, which was 22.38%. The abnormal rate of conduction block in the group exposed to nitrogen oxide was the highest (7.65%). The abnormal rates of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, chest radiograph, liver function, conduction block, ST-T changes and abnormal heart rate were significantly different among different chemical poison groups (P <0.05). Conclusion Long-term exposure of railway workers to chemical occupational hazards have a certain impact on health, and prevention and treatment of occupational diseases should be further strengthened.