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T-54中型坦克是20世纪50～60年代苏联陆军中一种十分成功的主战装甲装备。从T-54-1坦克问世,发展至T-54B坦克,已正式成型。它与其改进型T-55坦克一起构成了这一时期最重要的坦克,直到现在仍在不断改进提高。这不仅是因为这两种坦克达到了火力、机动性和防护力的最佳平衡,技术状态稳定,随时都可以由上至坦克工厂下至拖拉机工厂和重型机械厂大量生产。更重要的是因为它代表了当时和以后很长一段时期内坦克设计的最高水平,奠定了第二次世界大战后主战坦克发展的方向。T-54/55坦克的总生产量达7万余辆,现仍有2.4万辆在62个国家服役,是世界上生产量最多的坦克,其中约5万辆由前苏联生产,其余在捷克斯洛伐克和波兰等国按照许可证生产。在第二次世界大战后60年的多次局部战争中,我们都可以看到T-54/55系列坦克的身影。在坦克发展史上,具有丰碑式的作用。本文重温它的设计思想、发展过程和改进思路,如果对读者深刻认识坦克的发展规律有所帮助,作者胜感欣慰。
T-54 medium tank is a very successful main battle armored equipment of the Soviet Army from the 1950s to the 1960s. T-54-1 tank from the advent of the development of T-54B tanks, has formally formed. Together with its modified T-55 tank, it formed the most important tank of the period and continues to improve and improve until now. This is not only because the two tanks achieve the best balance of firepower, maneuverability and protection, but are technically stable and can be mass-produced at any time from the tank factory to the tractor factory and the heavy machinery factory. More importantly, it represented the highest level of tank design for a long period of time then and later, and laid the foundation for the development of a main battle tank after the Second World War. T-54/55 tanks total production of more than 70,000, is still 24,000 in 62 countries served, is the world’s largest production tank, of which about 50000 from the former Soviet Union, the rest in the Czech Republic Slovakia and Poland and other countries in accordance with the permit production. During the many local wars 60 years after the Second World War, we can all see the T-54/55 series tanks. In the history of tank development, has a monumental role. This article reviews its design thinking, development process and ideas to improve, if the reader a profound understanding of the laws of the development of the tank helps, the author is very pleased.