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怎样使学生獲得系統的、巩固的歷史知識 我們在苏联曾与俄罗斯联邦苏维埃社会主义共和國教育部歷史教学浊專家柯·伊·阿他安得烏諾娃同志談过話,也曾在莫斯科204、315、711,列寧格勒321。基輔136等号中学听过歷史課,并和这些历史教师谈过話。他們認为,要使学生獲得系統的、巩固的历史知識,主要应从以下几方面進行工作。一、遵循教学大綱的要求,掌握教材的中心思想,有重点地处理教材,生动地進行講述。 1.根据既定教学目的,深刻地分析、研究教材,找出教材的最基本的問题。怎样找出教材的最基本的問題?苏联歷史教师認为:(1)先熟習教学大綱,按照教学大綱的要求反复熟習教材。找出哪些是主要的,应該告訴学生知道;哪些是次要的,只要略提一下,或者不向学生交代。如果教师把教科书上的材料不分輕重地照样复述一遍,不僅时間不允許,而且还会加重學生的負担,使学生不能很好地掌握主要問题。
How to Make Students Acquire Systematic and Consolidated Historical Knowledge We spoke in the Soviet Union with Comrade Koït Ata Anuunova, a history teaching expert in the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, and also in Moscow. 204, 315,711, Leningrad 321. Kiev 136 Equal High School heard history class and talked with these history teachers. They think that in order to enable students to acquire systematic and consolidated historical knowledge, they should mainly do the following work. First, follow the requirements of the syllabus, master the central idea of teaching materials, focusing on teaching materials, vividly tell. 1. According to the established teaching purposes, profound analysis, research materials, find out the most basic problems of textbooks. How to find the most basic issue of textbooks? Soviet history teachers think: (1) first familiar with the syllabus, in accordance with the requirements of the syllabus repeatedly familiar with textbooks. Find out which ones are the main ones, and tell the students what to know; which ones are secondary, as long as you mention them, or do not explain them to the students. If teachers repeat the same textbook materials, not only time but also students’ burden, so that students can not master the main problem well.