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在学习有机化学知识时,不仅要掌握有机化合物的重要结构和性质,还要熟练掌握常见的有机反应的基本类型:如取代反应、加成反应、消去反应、氧化反应、还原反应、聚合反应(加聚与缩聚)等.要理解各类反应概念(定义)的内涵与外延,能从反应特征来判断反应类型.一、取代反应——等价替换(有进有出)1.定义:有机物分子中的某些原子或原子团,被其他的原子或原子团所代替的反应.2.类型:烃的卤代、烃的硝化(磺化)、醇分子间脱水、醇与HX反应、酚的卤代、酯化(皂化)、水解(卤代烃、酯、二糖、多糖、
In the study of organic chemistry knowledge, not only to master the important structure and nature of organic compounds, but also master the basic types of common organic reactions: such as substitution reaction, addition reaction, elimination reaction, oxidation reaction, reduction reaction, polymerization reaction Polyaddition and polycondensation), etc. To understand the connotation and extension of the various types of reaction concepts (definitions), the type of reaction can be judged from the reaction characteristics.First, the substitution reaction - equivalent replacement (with and without) 1 Definition: organic Some of the atoms or groups of molecules are replaced by other atoms or groups of atoms. 2. Type: Halogenation of hydrocarbons, Hydrocarbon nitration (sulfonation), Dehydration of alcohol molecules, Reaction of alcohols with HX, Halogenation of phenols (Esterification), hydrolysis (halogenated hydrocarbons, esters, disaccharides, polysaccharides,