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目的分析北京市海淀区2009—2013年北京户籍(京籍)麻疹病例的流行病学特征,为防控和消除麻疹提供参考。方法对2009—2013年北京市海淀区京籍麻疹病例发病情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2009—2013年海淀区共报告麻疹病例587例,报告发病率波动在0.3/10万-13.2/10万之间,其中京籍麻疹179例,5年间京籍麻疹发病率波动在0.1/10万~4.5/10万之间,2011年发病率最低(0.1/10万)。京籍麻疹病例中,137例(76.5%)在2-6月发病;<8月龄和15~44岁病例占全部病例的67.1%;有含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)免疫史的占28.5%,无免疫史的占34.1%,免疫史不详的37.4%;临床诊断73例,实验室诊断106例,送检的8份麻疹病毒分离阳性标本中,H1基因型6例,D8基因型2例。结论海淀区2009—2012年麻疹发病率大幅下降,2013年又回升,京籍麻疹发病也有同样的趋势。该区应提高8月龄儿童首剂MCV及时接种率;加强重点区域和职业人群成人MCV的接种工作,减少免疫空白;加强麻疹病毒基因型别监测,及时发现麻疹病毒毒株的变化。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles cases of Beijing domicile (Beijing Citizen) from 2009 to 2013 in Haidian District, Beijing, and to provide reference for prevention and control of measles. Methods Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of Beijing ethnic measles cases in Haidian District of Beijing from 2009 to 2013 was conducted. Results A total of 587 measles cases were reported in Haidian District from 2009 to 2013, and the reported incidence fluctuated between 0.3 / 100,000 and 13.2 / 100 000, including 179 cases of measles in Beijing. The incidence of measles in Beijing Municipality fluctuated between 0.1 / 10 Million ~ 4.5 / 100,000, the lowest incidence in 2011 (0.1 / 100,000). Among Beijing cases of measles cases, 137 cases (76.5%) developed disease in February to June; <8 months old and 15 to 44 years old accounted for 67.1% of all cases; those with measles vaccine (MCV) immunization accounted for 28.5% , 34.1% had no history of immunization and 37.4% had unknown history of immunization; 73 cases were diagnosed clinically and 106 cases were diagnosed in laboratory. Of the 8 specimens positive for measles virus isolation, 6 were H1 genotypes and 2 were D8 genotypes . Conclusion The incidence of measles in Haidian District dropped sharply from 2009 to 2012 and rose again in 2013. The incidence of measles in Beijing Municipality has the same trend. The district should increase the first dose of MCV timely vaccination rate for children of 8 months old; strengthen vaccination of adult MCV in key areas and occupational populations to reduce the immune blank; strengthen the measles virus genotype monitoring and timely detection of measles virus strains.