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我们在第一部分中谈了谈完形填空与技巧，下面我们再谈谈完形填空的能力与提高。完形填空测试的是人们对物体的整体感知能力。完形填空这一较高水平的智力活动，既牵涉到应试者对完形体整体内容的熟悉程度，也牵涉到对完形体本身整体形状的概括性把握。此外，完形也是一种较高层面的分析能力和组织能力的体现，因为要“完形”，就必须把握完形体的已知部分和空缺部分的关系。但就完形填空能力的提高而言，以下四个方面值得注意：一是对完形体内容的熟悉，二是判别完形体的已知部分和空缺部分的语法关系，三是判别完形体已知部分和空缺部分的内在联系，四是根据语境或语感确定完形体的空缺内容。
第一，完形填空与阅读理解之间有着非常密切的关系。实际上，完形填空的第一个步骤就是阅读理解。通读全文，结合背景知识理解全文主题大意和作者的意图，是为完形填空解题的首要步骤。由于完形填空的阅读是障碍性阅读，空缺部分对理解完形体会有一定的影响，因此阅读理解“完形体”的难度要高于阅读理解。在输入信息不完整的情况下，读者的原有知识以及从有限的输入中尽可能多地获取信息的能力十分重要。
第二，完形填空中的一部分空缺内容是结构词汇，如连词、代词、介词、冠词等。其目的是测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，要求应试者运用自己的语言知识，准确判断出空缺部分与其他部分的语法关系，并填上语法结构上正确的词。
第三，完形体是一个有机的整体，所以仅仅依靠语法关系来判断空缺部分是远远不够的，因为完形填空中的空缺内容是与文章的上下文有紧密联系的。因此，应试者必须根据句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息，弄清空缺部分与其它部分的逻辑关系（并列、选择、转折、递进、让步、因果等），通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定出正确的答案。
第四，除了根据空缺部分与其它部分的逻辑关系进行判断之外，应试者还需要把握文章的总体结构布局、上下文关系以及词与词、句与句、段与段之间的关系，通过对已知信息的分析总结，推断出空缺部分的内容。
下面我们来作具体说明。
一、通读全文
要迅速把握一篇文章的大意和主体应做到：首先，务必先通读全文，力争对文章的整体内容有个全局性的把握。其次，切勿忽视短文的标题和主题句。通常，一篇文章起首的两句都是完整的信息，是揭示文章背景知识或主题思想的主题句。应试者应学会从文章开头的几句话中把握文章的背景、主题或结构，结合常识及对英语国家文化背景知识的了解构建一定的预期，并在随后的阅读中不断修正。虽然文章的空缺部分会给阅读造成障碍，但已知部分已有足够的信息供我们推测出作者阐述问题的观点、思路甚至语气或态度。请从下文体会通读全文与完形能力的关系。
The Birth of the Guinness Book of World Records
People have always been interested in knowing about world records. They want to know the biggest， smallest， fastest， longest， shortest， oldest and youngest. However ， until 1955 there was no reference book that contained information on world records. The first book of this kind was the Guinness Book of World Records.
The idea for this book came from Hugh beaver， who was an executive of Arthur Guinness Company. One day， after seeing some birds flying， he told his friends that he thought that those birds were probably the fastest birds in Britain. Several of his friends disagreed with him. However ，when they tried to solve the problem by looking in various reference books， they found out that none of them contained the information that they were looking for. As a result， Hugh Beaver decided that his company should put out a book that would contain all sorts of superlatives and world records.
Hugh Beaver began to look for authors. Soon he heard from Norris and Ross McWhirter. They had a small fact and figure agency in London. They worked finding and checking facts for people. Hugh Beaver went to interview the two brothers in order to test their knowledge of records and unusual facts. He found their knowledge amazing ， and gave them jobs. On August 27， 1955， the Guinness Book of Superlatives went on sale in bookstores. In four months it became a best seller. Later， its name was changed to the Guinness Book of World records.（P143 SB2） 该语篇的标题已将该文所讨论的内容范畴交代得很清楚。扫读该篇，我们基本了解了该文所讨论的三个主要内容：一是人们的兴趣，二是出书之念的萌发，三是出书过程及结果。带着对该篇的宏观把握，选出最恰当的答案就不难了。
二、对完形体空缺内容的语法分析
完形填空中有一部分题类似于语法题。语法包括两大部分：词法和句法。词法研究词形的变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时态、语态等。句法研究句子结构，如句子的成分、语序及句子的种类等。在完形时，应首先以句子为单位，运用所学的语法知识分析空缺部分和已知部分的关系，作出准确判断。请从上文体会良好语法意识与提高完形能力的关系。
三、对完形体空缺内容的内在联系分析
完形填空是一篇有完整内容的文章，其各段各行之间有着逻辑上的必然联系。因此，在答题时首先要树立起语篇概念，力求搞清文章的结构布局，明辨句与句之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系。文章的逻辑关系主要包括：指代、列举、原因、结果、让步、转折、比较、对比、补充、递进、时间顺序、目的条件等。要充分利用连接上下文的过渡词与指代词所提供的语篇连接线索，通过逻辑分析，判断空缺部分的内容。请从下文体会一下。
Bush’s Moscow Misstep
Moscow was the last place President Bush should have gone to mark the 60th anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany. Russian soldiers goose-stepping through Red Square， dignitaries assembled in front of Lenin’s tomb， the strains of the Soviet anthem introduced by Stalin in 1944---this was not a scene that the leader of the free world had any business being a part of it.
Of course it cannot be forgotten that the Russian people paid an enormous ___1__ during World War II---27million dead， more than the __2___ of the other allied nations combined. Without Russia’s enormous____3___， the Allies might never have prevailed.
But __4___ can it be forgotten that Russia did not enter the war on the ___5_ of the Western democracies. On the contrary， it helped unleash the war___6__ accomplice of the Germans….
第1空，price。 从逻辑上讲，二战期间苏联付出了巨大的代价；从语法上讲，pay a…price 是固定说法。第2空，从逻辑上讲27million是个巨大的损失，再根据该空后面of the other allied nations combined的提示，答案无疑是losses。第3空，据前一句介绍的paid an enormous price，再根据without Russia’s enormous的提示，知答案sacrifice。第4空，与第二段首句呼应，故填nor……
四、通过语境判别完形体空缺内容
做完形填空必须要从整篇文章入手：要通篇考虑每一空缺，根据上下文寻找线索并确定答案。应把着眼点放在对全文的理解上，放在作者对文章的组织上。除注意行文逻辑外，还要充分地利用上下文的提示。在完形填空中，空缺部分除了由该句的信息词提供信息外，往往还由另一个句子提供信息。因此，应试者要仔细琢磨句与句之间的关系，领会信息词的暗示，做出最合乎逻辑的答案。遇到较难的题目时，应试者要反复阅读其前后的句子，从上下文中寻找信息词或相关的联系。请从下文中体会相关事项。
On the Sidewalk ， Bleeding
The boy lay on the sidewalk bleeding in the rain. He was 16 years old， and he wore a bright purple jacket， and the lettering across the back of the jacket read THE ROYALS. The boy’s name was Andy and the name was delicately scripted in black thread on the front of the jacket， just over the heart. ANDY.
He had been __1（stabbed）_ ten minutes ago. The knife entered just below his ___2_（rib）_ cage and had been drawn across his body violently， _3（tearing）____ a wide gap in his flesh. He lay on the sidewalk with the March rain drilling his body and __4（washing）__ away the blood that poured from his open wound. He had known the excruciating pain when the knife had torn across his body， and then sudden comparative __5_（relief）_ when the blade was pulled away. He had heard the voice saying ， “That’s for you Royal ！” and then the sound of __6（footsteps）___ hurrying into the rain， and then he had fallen to the sidewalk， ___7（clutching）__ his stomach， trying to stop the ___8（flow）__ of blood. He tried to yell for _9（help）___， but he had no voice….
注：第1空可根据bleeding/knife判断；据下文torn可断第3空；第5空，knife拔出后，结合comparative可判断与上文中的pain相比，此空漏掉的当是relief；第6空，据上下文，当指凶手离去时的脚步声；据stop可判断第8空……
完形填空解题的过程总的来说有下列几步： 一是通读全文、掌握大意；二是逐题斟酌、初作答案；三是瞻前顾后、寻找线索；四是重读全文、敲定答案。
第一，完形填空与阅读理解之间有着非常密切的关系。实际上，完形填空的第一个步骤就是阅读理解。通读全文，结合背景知识理解全文主题大意和作者的意图，是为完形填空解题的首要步骤。由于完形填空的阅读是障碍性阅读，空缺部分对理解完形体会有一定的影响，因此阅读理解“完形体”的难度要高于阅读理解。在输入信息不完整的情况下，读者的原有知识以及从有限的输入中尽可能多地获取信息的能力十分重要。
第二，完形填空中的一部分空缺内容是结构词汇，如连词、代词、介词、冠词等。其目的是测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，要求应试者运用自己的语言知识，准确判断出空缺部分与其他部分的语法关系，并填上语法结构上正确的词。
第三，完形体是一个有机的整体，所以仅仅依靠语法关系来判断空缺部分是远远不够的，因为完形填空中的空缺内容是与文章的上下文有紧密联系的。因此，应试者必须根据句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息，弄清空缺部分与其它部分的逻辑关系（并列、选择、转折、递进、让步、因果等），通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定出正确的答案。
第四，除了根据空缺部分与其它部分的逻辑关系进行判断之外，应试者还需要把握文章的总体结构布局、上下文关系以及词与词、句与句、段与段之间的关系，通过对已知信息的分析总结，推断出空缺部分的内容。
下面我们来作具体说明。
一、通读全文
要迅速把握一篇文章的大意和主体应做到：首先，务必先通读全文，力争对文章的整体内容有个全局性的把握。其次，切勿忽视短文的标题和主题句。通常，一篇文章起首的两句都是完整的信息，是揭示文章背景知识或主题思想的主题句。应试者应学会从文章开头的几句话中把握文章的背景、主题或结构，结合常识及对英语国家文化背景知识的了解构建一定的预期，并在随后的阅读中不断修正。虽然文章的空缺部分会给阅读造成障碍，但已知部分已有足够的信息供我们推测出作者阐述问题的观点、思路甚至语气或态度。请从下文体会通读全文与完形能力的关系。
The Birth of the Guinness Book of World Records
People have always been interested in knowing about world records. They want to know the biggest， smallest， fastest， longest， shortest， oldest and youngest. However ， until 1955 there was no reference book that contained information on world records. The first book of this kind was the Guinness Book of World Records.
The idea for this book came from Hugh beaver， who was an executive of Arthur Guinness Company. One day， after seeing some birds flying， he told his friends that he thought that those birds were probably the fastest birds in Britain. Several of his friends disagreed with him. However ，when they tried to solve the problem by looking in various reference books， they found out that none of them contained the information that they were looking for. As a result， Hugh Beaver decided that his company should put out a book that would contain all sorts of superlatives and world records.
Hugh Beaver began to look for authors. Soon he heard from Norris and Ross McWhirter. They had a small fact and figure agency in London. They worked finding and checking facts for people. Hugh Beaver went to interview the two brothers in order to test their knowledge of records and unusual facts. He found their knowledge amazing ， and gave them jobs. On August 27， 1955， the Guinness Book of Superlatives went on sale in bookstores. In four months it became a best seller. Later， its name was changed to the Guinness Book of World records.（P143 SB2） 该语篇的标题已将该文所讨论的内容范畴交代得很清楚。扫读该篇，我们基本了解了该文所讨论的三个主要内容：一是人们的兴趣，二是出书之念的萌发，三是出书过程及结果。带着对该篇的宏观把握，选出最恰当的答案就不难了。
二、对完形体空缺内容的语法分析
完形填空中有一部分题类似于语法题。语法包括两大部分：词法和句法。词法研究词形的变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时态、语态等。句法研究句子结构，如句子的成分、语序及句子的种类等。在完形时，应首先以句子为单位，运用所学的语法知识分析空缺部分和已知部分的关系，作出准确判断。请从上文体会良好语法意识与提高完形能力的关系。
三、对完形体空缺内容的内在联系分析
完形填空是一篇有完整内容的文章，其各段各行之间有着逻辑上的必然联系。因此，在答题时首先要树立起语篇概念，力求搞清文章的结构布局，明辨句与句之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系。文章的逻辑关系主要包括：指代、列举、原因、结果、让步、转折、比较、对比、补充、递进、时间顺序、目的条件等。要充分利用连接上下文的过渡词与指代词所提供的语篇连接线索，通过逻辑分析，判断空缺部分的内容。请从下文体会一下。
Bush’s Moscow Misstep
Moscow was the last place President Bush should have gone to mark the 60th anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany. Russian soldiers goose-stepping through Red Square， dignitaries assembled in front of Lenin’s tomb， the strains of the Soviet anthem introduced by Stalin in 1944---this was not a scene that the leader of the free world had any business being a part of it.
Of course it cannot be forgotten that the Russian people paid an enormous ___1__ during World War II---27million dead， more than the __2___ of the other allied nations combined. Without Russia’s enormous____3___， the Allies might never have prevailed.
But __4___ can it be forgotten that Russia did not enter the war on the ___5_ of the Western democracies. On the contrary， it helped unleash the war___6__ accomplice of the Germans….
第1空，price。 从逻辑上讲，二战期间苏联付出了巨大的代价；从语法上讲，pay a…price 是固定说法。第2空，从逻辑上讲27million是个巨大的损失，再根据该空后面of the other allied nations combined的提示，答案无疑是losses。第3空，据前一句介绍的paid an enormous price，再根据without Russia’s enormous的提示，知答案sacrifice。第4空，与第二段首句呼应，故填nor……
四、通过语境判别完形体空缺内容
做完形填空必须要从整篇文章入手：要通篇考虑每一空缺，根据上下文寻找线索并确定答案。应把着眼点放在对全文的理解上，放在作者对文章的组织上。除注意行文逻辑外，还要充分地利用上下文的提示。在完形填空中，空缺部分除了由该句的信息词提供信息外，往往还由另一个句子提供信息。因此，应试者要仔细琢磨句与句之间的关系，领会信息词的暗示，做出最合乎逻辑的答案。遇到较难的题目时，应试者要反复阅读其前后的句子，从上下文中寻找信息词或相关的联系。请从下文中体会相关事项。
On the Sidewalk ， Bleeding
The boy lay on the sidewalk bleeding in the rain. He was 16 years old， and he wore a bright purple jacket， and the lettering across the back of the jacket read THE ROYALS. The boy’s name was Andy and the name was delicately scripted in black thread on the front of the jacket， just over the heart. ANDY.
He had been __1（stabbed）_ ten minutes ago. The knife entered just below his ___2_（rib）_ cage and had been drawn across his body violently， _3（tearing）____ a wide gap in his flesh. He lay on the sidewalk with the March rain drilling his body and __4（washing）__ away the blood that poured from his open wound. He had known the excruciating pain when the knife had torn across his body， and then sudden comparative __5_（relief）_ when the blade was pulled away. He had heard the voice saying ， “That’s for you Royal ！” and then the sound of __6（footsteps）___ hurrying into the rain， and then he had fallen to the sidewalk， ___7（clutching）__ his stomach， trying to stop the ___8（flow）__ of blood. He tried to yell for _9（help）___， but he had no voice….
注：第1空可根据bleeding/knife判断；据下文torn可断第3空；第5空，knife拔出后，结合comparative可判断与上文中的pain相比，此空漏掉的当是relief；第6空，据上下文，当指凶手离去时的脚步声；据stop可判断第8空……
完形填空解题的过程总的来说有下列几步： 一是通读全文、掌握大意；二是逐题斟酌、初作答案；三是瞻前顾后、寻找线索；四是重读全文、敲定答案。