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通过对形而上学历史类型的深入考察和研究,霍克海默批判了现代西方哲学尤其是旧唯物主义的形而上学倾向。认为当代唯物主义与形而上学之间存在着本质区别,应加以严格区分和对待。霍克海默对唯物主义的阐述乃在于为其批判理论需找一个可靠的哲学基础,即他希望通唯物主义能发挥其“实践性”、“解放性”的批判功能,关注人间疾苦,重视人们的生存境遇,进而实现解放人的目的。
Through an in-depth investigation and study of the historical types of metaphysics, Horkheimer criticized the metaphysical tendencies of modern Western philosophy, especially the old materialism. He believes that there is an essential difference between contemporary materialism and metaphysics, which should be strictly distinguished and treated. Horkheimer’s exposition of materialism lies in finding a reliable philosophical basis for his critical theory, that is, he hopes that through materialism it can play its critical function of “practicality” and “liberation” Suffer, pay attention to people’s living conditions, and then achieve the purpose of liberation.