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本文关注《红楼梦》的人物形象塑造和艺术效果,从“地域之分”和“尊卑之分”两点切入,考察人物的用语选择。用语选择体现出《红楼梦》人物语域(register)上的差异,塑造出立体的艺术世界。在文本以外,笔者注意到《红楼梦》整理者和当代学者对语域问题持不同的意见,这个问题涉及庚辰本、己卯本、舒序本、列藏本、戚序本、甲辰本、梦稿本和程刻本的异文(包括旁改文字)。《红楼梦》的内文变动绝非单一事件,人物语域的“平常化”和“规范化”是版本流传史上不断发生的事情。“平常化”虽然有利于一般阅者顺利解读,但是,这样做往往削弱艺术上的立体感,其结果将是:得不偿失、因小失大。
This article focuses on the characterization and artistic effects of the characters in A Dream of Red Mansions, from the points of “geographical division” and “subjugation of inferiority”, and examines the choice of terms of characters. The choice of terms embodies the differences in the register of characters in A Dream of Red Mansions and shapes a three-dimensional art world. In addition to the text, I noticed that “Dream of Red Mansions” arrangers and contemporary scholars hold different opinions on the question of register. This issue involves Gengchen’s version, Mao’s version, Shuzu Benxi’s works, Qi Preface, Jiachen edition, Mengxianben and Cheng engraved text (including the next to change the text). Changes in the text of A Dream of Red Mansions are by no means a single event. The “normalization” and “normalization” of the characters’ register are the unceasing occurrences in the history of the distribution of characters. Although “normalization” is conducive to the smooth reading of ordinary readers, doing so tends to weaken the artistic three-dimensional sense and the result will be more harm than good and little loss.