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目的通过对三河市农村饮用水开展卫生学调查和水质检测,全面了解三河市农村生活饮用水卫生现状,为农村饮用水综合治理和加强农村饮水卫生监管提供科学依据。方法对三河市所有农村饮水单位开展卫生学调查,并对出厂水和末梢水进行水质检测。结果三河市共有10个乡镇395个行政村,其中24个村为城市管网供水,24个村为镇水厂集中供水,其余347个村均为村小型水厂集中供水。共检测水样1 402份,合格1 059份,合格率75.53%。枯水期水质合格率88.30%,丰水期水质合格率62.76%,经统计学检验,差异用统计学意义(χ~2=123.67,P<0.01)。不合格指标从高到低为总大肠菌群(18.83%)、耐热大肠菌群(8.77%)、氟化物(4.27%)、菌落总数(0.93%)、硝酸盐氮(0.85%)、氨氮(0.57%)、铁(0.57%)、肉眼可见物(0.21%)、锰(0.21%)。结论三河市农村生活饮用水水质主要是微生物污染,应采取综合措施,加强对农村饮水安全工程的事后监管,重点加强水源防护、水质处理、消毒设施配备及消毒设施正常运转等监督指导,并定期开展水质检测,及时掌握水质动态,防止介水传染病发生。
Objective To conduct a hygiene survey and water quality testing of rural drinking water in Sanhe City to understand the status quo of sanitation of rural drinking water in Sanhe City in an all - round way and provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of rural drinking water and strengthening the supervision of drinking water in rural areas. Methods All rural drinking water units in Sanhe City were investigated for hygiene, and water quality of factory and peripheral water was tested. Results Sanhe City has a total of 395 administrative villages in 10 townships, of which 24 villages provide water for urban pipe network, 24 villages provide centralized water supply for the town waterworks, and the remaining 347 villages are centralized water supply for small-scale waterworks in villages. A total of 1 402 water samples were tested, and 1 059 were qualified, with a pass rate of 75.53%. The passing rate of water quality in dry season was 88.30%, and the passing rate of water quality in wet season was 62.76%. The statistical difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 123.67, P <0.01). The results showed that the total number of coliform (18.83%), heat resistant coliform (8.77%), fluoride (4.27%), total number of colonies (0.93%), nitrate nitrogen (0.57%), iron (0.57%), macroscopic matter (0.21%), manganese (0.21%). Conclusion The water quality of rural drinking water in Sanhe City is mainly microbial pollution. Comprehensive measures should be taken to strengthen the supervision of rural drinking water safety projects with emphasis on supervision and guidance of water source protection, water quality treatment, disinfection facilities and disinfection facilities, and regular monitoring. Carry out water quality testing, timely grasp of water quality and prevent water-borne infectious diseases.