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目的探讨重庆市巴南区露天采石场存在的粉尘、噪声危害程度及职业病防治情况。方法依据国家有关标准,2015年对重庆市巴南区11家采石场工作场所的粉尘、噪声进行检测,并结合采石场工人体检及问卷调查结果进行分析。结果 11家采石场共294名工人(男261人,女33人)。总尘总体超标率为14.07%,破碎和振筛岗位的超标情况最严重(分别为24.32%和40.00%);游离Si O2含量大多在10%以下;总体噪声超标率50.98%;听力异常检出率22.54%,疑似尘肺及职业性手臂振动病检出率均为1.88%;工人对职业卫生防护相关知识知晓率为2.08%~53.13%。结论该市采石场工人接触噪声引起的职业健康损害问题突出,不仅要加强对企业的监督、管理,还要对采石场工人加强培训,增强其对粉尘、噪声的防护意识。
Objective To explore the dust and noise hazards of opencast quarries in Banan District of Chongqing Municipality and the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Methods According to the relevant national standards, the dust and noise of 11 quarry workplaces in Banan District of Chongqing Municipality were detected in 2015, and analyzed according to the physical examination and questionnaire survey results of quarry workers. Results There were 294 workers (261 males and 33 females) in 11 quarries. The total over-standard of total dust was 14.07%, the over-standard of crushing and vibrating-screening jobs was the most serious (24.32% and 40.00% respectively); the content of free Si O2 was mostly below 10%; the overall noise over-standard rate was 50.98% The rate of 22.54%, the detection rate of suspected pneumoconiosis and occupational arm vibration were both 1.88%; the awareness rate of workers on occupational health protection was 2.08% -53.13%. Conclusion The problem of occupational health damage caused by noise exposure of quarry workers in this municipality is outstanding. It not only needs to strengthen the supervision and management of enterprises, but also needs training for quarry workers to enhance their awareness of dust and noise protection.