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微RNA（miRNA）是真核生物中的一种小的内源性非编码蛋白质小分子 RNA，它在细胞的分化中起着重要作用。在众多的miRNAs中，miR-155与免疫调控的关系最为密切。辅助性 T细胞17（Th17）和调节性T细胞（Treg）是介导适应性免疫应答的两个T细胞亚群，两者之间相互调节共同发挥免疫效能。 miR-155可通过调节Th17、Treg等炎性 T 细胞的增殖、分化与发育而介导自身免疫炎症反应，并可调节机体的细胞因子的分泌来调控Th17／Treg的平衡。“,”MicroRNA(miRNA) is a class of endogenous non-protein-coding small molecule RNA,which exists in eukaryotic,and plays an important role in cell differentiation .Among numerous miRNAs,miR-155 has the closest relationship with the immune regulation .Helper T cells 17 ( Th17 ) and regulatory T cells ( Treg) are the two T cell subsets that mediate adaptive immune responses ,and they coadjust each other and regulate immune efficacy.MiR-155 regulates the proliferation,differentiation and development of Th17,Treg and other inflammatory T cell to mediate autoimmune inflammatory response ,and can adjust the secretion of cytokines to regulate Th17/Treg balance.