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本文采用数值模拟方法,分析了低强匹配对接接头2种拘束条件、5种屈服强度匹配系数的焊接残余应力。结果表明,低强匹配接头焊根处的三向残余拉应力较小,对静载强度影响不大;焊趾处的三向残余拉应力较大,对疲劳强度和冷裂倾向有不利影响。自由状态的纵向残余应力和两端约束状态的横向残余应力,焊缝金属屈服强度每降低25MPa,其残余应力减少约11MPa。
In this paper, two kinds of restraining conditions of low-strength mating butt joints and five kinds of welding residual stress of yield strength matching coefficient are analyzed by numerical simulation method. The results show that the three-direction residual tensile stress at the root of the low-strength matching joint is small, which has little effect on the static load strength. The three-direction residual tensile stress at the weld toe is larger, which has an adverse effect on the fatigue strength and the tendency of cold cracking. The vertical residual stress in the free state and the transverse residual stress in the restrained state at both ends of the weld metal decrease by about 11 MPa for every 25 MPa reduction in the yield strength of the weld metal.