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癌肿对神经系统的影响大致可分两类:一类为癌肿血行转移或直接浸润产生颅内占位病变,或脊髓压迫症及周围神经损害;另一类为癌肿在并非转移或浸润的情况下引起中枢神经系统、周围神经、神经—肌肉接头或肌肉病变,病变部位并无癌细胞,而神经症状多种多样,统称为神经系统副肿瘤综合征(neurdlogic paraneoplastic syndrome,NPS)。1 癌肿局部浸润压迫或转移所致神经系统损害 癌肿局部浸润或直接压迫所致的常见损害有:①头颅外周和邻近器官组织的癌肿直接浸润破坏颅骨、硬脑膜,或经颅底的孔隙达脑外表面的实质;②肺癌压迫或破坏交感神经、喉返神经及臂从神经;③纵隔肿瘤致臂丛神经、喉返神经、肋间神经、膈神经及交感神经损害;④子宫颈癌浸及闭孔神经、骶丛神经;⑤食管癌侵及喉返神经及膈神经等。癌肿向颅内和脊髓转移较为常见。成人肺癌、胃肠道癌和乳腺癌发生颅内、脑内转移最多。从每种癌肿发生颅内和脑内转移的频率看,依次为黑色素瘤、乳腺癌和
The effects of cancer on the nervous system can be roughly divided into two categories: one is hematogenous metastasis or direct infiltration that produces intracranial space-occupying lesions, or spinal cord compression and peripheral nerve damage; the other is that cancer is not metastasized or infiltrated. Under the circumstances, the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, nerve-muscle joints, or muscle lesions are caused. There are no cancerous cells in the lesions, and there are various neurological symptoms. They are collectively referred to as neurological paraneoplastic syndromes (NPS). 1 local invasion of cancer compression or metastasis-induced damage to the nervous system caused by local invasion of cancer or direct compression caused by the common damage: 1 head of the peripheral tissue and adjacent organs of cancer directly infiltrating the skull, dura mater, or transcranial The pores reach the essence of the outer surface of the brain; 2 The lung cancer oppresses or destroys the sympathetic nerves, the recurrent laryngeal nerves and the arm-derived nerves; 3 The mediastinal tumors cause the brachial plexus, the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the intercostal nerve, the phrenic nerve, and the sympathetic nerve damage; 4 The cervix Cancer leaching and obturator nerve, sacral plexus nerve; 5 esophageal cancer invasion and recurrent laryngeal nerve and phrenic nerve. Cancer metastases to the brain and spinal cord are more common. Adults with lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and breast cancer have the most intracranial and intracerebral metastases. From the frequency of intracranial and intracerebral metastasis of each cancer, it was melanoma, breast cancer and