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目的了解沈阳市2005—2012年风疹流行特征,为降低发病率和减少先天性风疹综合征(CRS)发生提供依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对中国疾病预防控制信息系统上报的沈阳市风疹监测数据进行分析。结果 2005—2012年沈阳市共报告风疹23 197例,年均发病率38.48/10万,3~4年出现1个流行高峰;春季和夏初3~6月发病高峰明显(85.6%);发病男女比1.30∶1,以10~24岁为主(72.6%);学生居多(57.2%);市区和近郊的平均发病率高于远郊和周边县/市。结论风疹的好发人群以学生为主,易在学校引起暴发流行;应通过提高疫苗常规免疫覆盖率,加大学校传染病防控力度,做好入学新生预防接种证验证,加强常规监测和流行趋势预测等措施,以降低发病率及减少CRS的发生。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of rubella in Shenyang City from 2005 to 2012, and to provide basis for reducing the incidence and reducing the occurrence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of rubella surveillance in Shenyang reported by China’s disease prevention and control information system. Results A total of 23 197 cases of rubella were reported in Shenyang from 2005 to 2012, with an average annual incidence of 38.48 / 100 000. There was one epidemic peak in 3 ~ 4 years. The peak incidence was 85.6% in spring and early summer from March to June. The male-to-female ratio was 1.30: 1, with a majority of 10-24 years old (72.6%); the majority of students (57.2%); the average incidence in urban areas and suburbs was higher than that in outer suburbs and surrounding counties / cities. Conclusions The predominant population of rubella is student-centered, and it is easy to cause outbreak in school. It is necessary to improve routine immunization coverage and increase prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools, Trend prediction and other measures to reduce the incidence and reduce the incidence of CRS.