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引言膀胱癌约占全部恶性肿瘤的1.5～3%,是一种常见的泌尿科肿瘤。在泌尿外科病人中约有50%的血尿由膀胱肿瘤引起。在染料工人中发病率较一般居民高15～32倍。某些化学物质可以引起膀胱癌,这一点从1895年Rehn首次报导以来已为各国学者所证实。除了各种体内、外化学物质可以致癌外,尚有人认为病毒、炎症、寄生虫、吸烟及慢性机械刺激亦可致癌。膀胱癌的病因学、发病学研究除从上述环境因素即外因入手外,近年来还从机体内部代谢,遗传因素和膀胱本身的因素即内因,以及两者的结合来研究。对尿液各种成分及膀胱粘
Introduction Bladder cancer accounts for about 1.5 to 3% of all malignancies and is a common urological tumor. About 50% of hematuria in urological patients is caused by bladder tumors. Dye workers in the incidence of 15 to 32 times higher than the average resident. Certain chemicals can cause bladder cancer, as evidenced by scholars from all over the world since Rehn’s first report in 1895. In addition to a variety of in vivo and foreign chemicals can cause cancer, some people think that viruses, inflammation, parasites, smoking and chronic mechanical stimulation can also cause cancer. Bladder cancer etiology, epidemiological studies in addition to the above environmental factors that start from outside, in recent years also from the body metabolism, genetic factors and the bladder itself is the internal factors, and the combination of the two to study. Various components of the urine and bladder sticky