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黄土属于更新统沉积物,中外学者颇多研究,对于其生成亦有不同的争论。但研究范围多趋向于地层分析和沉积方式,对于颗粒分布,矿物组成和理化性质方面,研究甚少。根据过去的研究,我国黄土的矿物成分以轻矿物及粘土矿物为主,重矿物的含量甚少,只约2—4%。主要的重矿物为角闪石、辉石、方解石、绿簾石、磷灰石、锆英石、电气石等。轻矿物为石英、长石和云母。粘土矿物含量虽不甚高,但因颗粒细小,在整个沉积物中是最活路的部分,对于黄土的理化性质和生成的研讨具有重要的意义。作者曾根据土壤细粒部分的 X 射线分析,指出黄土及红土中的粘土矿物以云泰为
Loess belongs to the Pleistocene sediments, many scholars at home and abroad, for its generation also have different arguments. However, most of the research area tends to stratigraphic analysis and sedimentary methods, and few studies have been done on the aspects of particle distribution, mineral composition and physico-chemical properties. According to the past research, the mineral composition of loess in our country is mainly light minerals and clay minerals, with little heavy minerals, only about 2-4%. The major heavy minerals are amphibole, pyroxene, calcite, epidote, apatite, zircon, tourmaline and the like. Light minerals are quartz, feldspar and mica. Although the content of clay minerals is not very high, it is the most active part in the whole sediment due to its small size, which is of great significance for the study on the physicochemical properties and formation of loess. Based on the X-ray analysis of the fine-grained soil fraction, the authors pointed out that the clay minerals in loess and laterite,