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在教学中,教师帮助学生制定与选择学习目标很重要。从学生学习的心理看,学生在学习某一知识时,学习成果已观念地再现在学生的头脑中,也就是在头脑中有初步预期的学习成果,成为进而学习的目的。学生在学习中,就是围绕这个预期的成果选择学习方法、安排学习过程的。许多成功的教学经验表明,好的学习效果开始于清晰表述的目的,然后组织适合于目的的学习方法、材料与经验,学生在学习时一方面记住所要达到的目标,一方面集中力量走好每一步,使学习手段与学习目标联系起来。
In teaching, it is important for teachers to help students develop and select learning goals. From the perspective of student learning psychology, when students learn a certain knowledge, the learning results have been conceptually reproduced in the students’ minds, that is, there are preliminary expected learning outcomes in the mind, and become the purpose of further study. When students are learning, they choose the learning method and arrange the learning process around this expected result. Many successful teaching experiences show that good learning effects begin with the purpose of clearly articulating and then organizing learning methods, materials, and experiences suitable for the purpose. Students learn the goals to be achieved while focusing on the one hand. Each step links learning tools to learning goals.