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肾癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,晚期肾癌预后差且对放化疗不敏感。随着肿瘤生物治疗手段的不断发展,抑癌基因逐渐成为重要的研究对象,其表达下调和失活与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。以往的研究发现了希佩尔林道(von Hippel-Lindau,VHL)基因、P16,P53等一批经典的抑癌基因,近年来,这些基因在肾癌的调控中的作用有一些新的发现,为肾癌的生物治疗提供了更广阔的思路。同时,一些新的肾癌抑癌基因也被不断发现,如:UNC5Hs,Chmp1A,KISS-1,CADM2等等,为肾癌的基因靶向治疗提供了新的靶点。本文主要就肾癌中抑癌基因的种类、作用以及调控机制等做一综述,为肾癌基因诊断治疗开拓新的思路。
Renal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. The prognosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma is poor and is not sensitive to chemoradiation. With the continuous development of tumor biological treatment, tumor suppressor gene has gradually become an important research object, and its expression down-regulation and inactivation are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Previous studies have found a number of classical tumor suppressor genes such as von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, P16 and P53. In recent years, some new discoveries have been made on the roles of these genes in the regulation of renal cell carcinoma, The biological treatment of renal cancer provides a broader idea. At the same time, some new tumor suppressor genes have also been found, such as UNC5Hs, Chmp1A, KISS-1, CADM2 and so on, which provide a new target for gene therapy of kidney cancer. This article mainly reviews the types, roles and regulatory mechanisms of tumor suppressor genes in renal cell carcinoma and so on, and opens up new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma.