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复杂零件的形状和尺寸测量一直是机械行业中的重要研究课题。过去一般由人在光学测量仪器上逐点读数。近年来出现的三座标测量机可利用计算机实现自动显示、记录和处理数据,但一般仍需由人操作或示教后逐点静态测量,且属于高级精密设备,价格昂贵。我们研制的微型计算机控制的三座标跟踪和测量系统可以使测量过程自动化,即实现自动跟踪进行动态测量。此系统既可对已知外形和名义尺寸的零件进行检测,也可对未知尺寸的零件进行自动跟踪测量。并可由计算机显示、记录和处理数据,还可通过计算机图形显示技术复现被测工件的外形。样机实验表明:应用此系统可在普通机床上达到相当高的动态测量精度(最大误差为±0.005mm)。此系统由微型计算机、测量机床、激光测长仪及接触传感式测量头组成,可用于座标的动态测量,软件控制的仿形铣加工和焊接机器人的导引与自学习等。本文说明了系统的组成与工作原理;讨论了系统中所采用的控制算法与应用软件,给出了硬件接口的设计与配置原则,最后分析了实验结果,并得出了初步的结论。
Measurement of the shape and size of complex parts has always been an important research topic in the machinery industry. In the past by the people in the optical measuring instruments point by point readings. In recent years, the emergence of three-coordinate measuring machine can use the computer to automatically display, record and process data, but generally still need to be measured by the point of operation or teaching static point by point, and are high-precision equipment, expensive. We developed a microcomputer-controlled three-coordinate tracking and measuring system that automates the measurement process, enabling automatic tracking for dynamic measurements. The system detects parts of known form and nominal sizes as well as automatic tracking of parts of unknown dimensions. And by the computer display, record and process data, but also by computer graphics display technology to reproduce the shape of the measured workpiece. Prototype experiments show that: This system can be used in ordinary machine tools to achieve a very high dynamic measurement accuracy (maximum error of ± 0.005mm). The system is composed of microcomputer, measuring machine, laser length measuring instrument and touch sensing type measuring head. It can be used for dynamic measurement of coordinates, software-controlled profile milling and guidance and self-learning of welding robots. This paper describes the system composition and working principle; discusses the system used in the control algorithm and application software, gives the hardware interface design and configuration principles, and finally analyzes the experimental results and draws the initial conclusion.