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油田开发过程中,为了确保油层具有足够的压力,保证油田开采的效率,普遍使用注水技术,然而由于在注水时,注入水具有不相容的特性,会导致油田地层二氧化碳、硫酸钡、碳酸钙、硫化氢以及钙镁离子等物质含量急剧升高,出现结垢的现象,堵塞油层,使油层渗透效果大大降低,给油田中的油层带来极大的损害,采油产量随之减少。此外,部分井筒结垢会阻碍管道的流动空间,增加阻力,结垢还有可能给细菌创造了滋生的环境,加大了井下油井设施的腐蚀程度,进一步缩短了油井设施的使用时间,严重时会导致大面积停产的现象,因此,结垢的防治对于油田生产具有重大的意义。本文对油田注水开发过程中结垢的原因、机理和类型进行了分析,就如何防治结垢的技术和措施展开了深入的研究和探讨,供各位朋友参考。
In the process of oilfield development, water injection technology is generally used to ensure sufficient pressure in oil reservoirs and ensure the efficiency of oil field exploration. However, due to the incompatible characteristics of injected water during water injection, carbon dioxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate , Hydrogen sulfide and calcium and magnesium ions and other substances sharply increased, the phenomenon of scaling occurs, plug the reservoir, so that the permeability of the reservoir greatly reduced, causing great damage to the reservoir in the oil field, oil production decreased. In addition, part of the wellbore fouling will hinder the pipe flow space, increase resistance, scaling may also create a breeding environment for bacteria, increased corrosion of underground oil well facilities, to further shorten the life of oil well facilities, serious Will lead to a large area of the phenomenon of shutdown, therefore, prevention and control of scaling for the oilfield production of great significance. In this paper, the causes, mechanisms and types of scaling in the process of waterflooding are analyzed, and the technologies and measures of preventing and controlling scaling are deeply studied and discussed for your reference.