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自然辩证法认为,利用科学仪器、设备进行科学实验,有利于充分发挥人的主观能动性,是人们获得科学事实和检验科学假说、科学理论的基本手段和依据。在科学哲学中,从逻辑经验主义的实验“中立说”到库恩的主张只能在范式的框架内进行实验,再到新实验主义提出实验应该有自己的生命,以及科学实践哲学指出理论与实验都属于科学实践的范畴,表明了不同学派对实验本质的界说。科学知识社会学从多个方面揭示了实验的社会建构性特点,向人们展现了别具一格的实验的形象,消解了实验的客观性与逻辑性。只有超越某一学科的界限,在多学科的视野中才能全面地认识科学实验的特性。
Dialectics of Nature holds that the use of scientific instruments and equipment for scientific experiments is conducive to giving full scope to the subjective initiative of people and is the basic means by which people gain scientific facts and test scientific hypotheses and scientific theories. In the philosophy of science, the arguments from logical empiricism “neutrality ” to Kuhn ’s argument can only be tested within the framework of paradigm, then new experimentalism should have its own life when it comes to experimenting, and pointed out by scientific practice philosophy Both theory and experiment belong to the category of scientific practice, which shows that different schools define the nature of experiment. Sociology of Scientific Knowledge reveals the social constructive features of experiments from many aspects, shows the image of unique experiments to people, and eliminates the objectivity and logic of experiments. Only beyond the boundaries of a subject, in a multidisciplinary field of vision to fully understand the characteristics of scientific experiments.