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意外事故所致的创伤与心脑血管等急症的发病率日趋增高，已成为发达国家和发展中国家的严重社会问题。1976年Rockwood等生动地指出：现代社会对公民最大的威胁已不是家庭火灾，也不是街上的刑事犯罪，而是在他们生命垂危时不能获得
Trauma caused by accidents and the incidence of acute diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become increasingly high and have become serious social problems in both developed and developing countries. In 1976 Rockwood et al vividly pointed out that the greatest threat to citizens by modern society is no longer a family fire, nor is it a crime on the street, but it cannot be obtained when their lives are in danger.