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一、引言 江西省老区,过去为革命作出过巨大贡献。目前老区人民生活与全国经济发达地区比较仍很贫困。要振兴老区,不仅要“输血”,更需要增强自身的“造血“功能。为此,必须抓好培养人才的工作。而培养人才又必须从娃娃抓起,必须从家庭教育抓起。“人之初”的教育始于家庭,家庭教育成功与否,对人的一生起着重大影响。选择老区农村家庭为重点,通过了解家庭结构入手,摸清城乡儿童身心发展的特点并进行分析比较,从中找出城乡儿童身心发展的差异,在此基础上提出教育对策,以促进和改善农村九年义务教育和家庭教育,大面积提高农村下一代的思想素质,为四化大业培养人才,直接为振兴老区服务。为此,在中华全国家庭教育学会和省社联的大力支持下,组成了两个研究会的有关专业人员共20人的课题组,从1991年开始,历时近三年的时间,先后深入到分宜,井冈山、瑞金三地对城乡小学一、三、五年级的学生进行取样调查。共取样423人,其中县城一、三、五年级男生76名,女生80名;农村一、三、五年级男生133名,女生134名。本文即是这一科研项目的初步总结。
I. Introduction The old district of Jiangxi Province made great contributions to the revolution in the past. At present, the people’s livelihood in the old areas is still very poor compared with the economically developed areas in the country. To rejuvenate the old district, not only to ”blood transfusion“, but also need to enhance their own ”blood“ function. To this end, we must do a good job training personnel. The training of personnel and must start from the baby, we must start from the family education. The education of ”beginning of person" starts in family, and success of family education plays a significant role in human’s life. Select the old rural families as the focus, start by understanding the family structure, find out the characteristics of urban and rural children’s physical and mental development and analysis and comparison, find out the differences between urban and rural children’s physical and mental development, on the basis of which education measures to promote and improve rural nine Year compulsory education and family education, raise the ideological quality of the next generation in rural areas on a large scale, train personnel for the great cause of the four modernizations and serve directly for the rejuvenation of the old areas. To this end, with the strong support from the All-China Association for Family Education and the Provincial Federation of Social Organizations, a group of 20 professionals has formed a group of two research societies. Since 1991, it took nearly three years to go deep into Fenyi, Jinggangshan, Ruijin three primary and secondary urban and rural primary and secondary students sampling survey. A total of 423 samples were taken, of which 76 were boys in first, third and fifth grade and 80 were girls; 133 were male boys in first, third and fifth grade in rural areas, and 134 were girls. This article is a preliminary summary of this research project.