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背景:国内外旅行者近年来快速增加,需要对疟疾流行现状和旅行者患疟风险进行评估。方法:对1985年以来全国疟疾疫情报告资料和1996年疟疾统计数据进行分析,结合全国疟疾监测协作组调查材料评估。结果:疟疾发病人数已从1985年的563,400人下降至1996年的37,168人,恶性疟流行区限于海南、云南2省的55个县。沿海开放城市如大连、青岛、上海、厦门、福州、深圳等已消灭或基本消灭疟疾;太湖、洞庭湖、鄱阳湖、滇池等过去曾流行疟疾较严重的风景区,现在已很少疟疾发生;大多数原来的高疟区已变成中、低疟区,原来的中、低疟区大多变成了散发或根除区。已无发病率在100/万以上的县。结论:绝大多数著名旅游风景区现已不存在疟疾传播的危险;海南山林区和云南的边境地区是我国当前疟疾的主要流行地区,仍需对在野外有较多接触蚊媒机会的旅行者进行健康指导,加强防蚊措施。
Background: Travelers both at home and abroad have increased rapidly in recent years and need to assess the current status of malaria and the risk of travelers suffering from malaria. Methods: The data of the national malaria epidemic report and the statistics of malaria in 1996 since 1985 were analyzed, and combined with the survey materials evaluation of the national malaria monitoring cooperation group. Results: The number of malaria cases dropped from 563,400 in 1985 to 37,168 in 1996. The prevalence of falciparum malaria was limited to 55 counties in Hainan and Yunnan provinces. Malaria has been eliminated or basically eliminated in open coastal cities such as Dalian, Qingdao, Shanghai, Xiamen, Fuzhou and Shenzhen; malaria has been rarely seen in areas such as Taihu Lake, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and Dianchi Lake, where severe malaria was endemic; Most of the original high malaria areas have become medium and low malaria areas, and most of the original medium and low malaria areas became areas for emanation or eradication. No incidence rate in 100 / million or more counties. Conclusion: Most of the famous scenic spots are no longer in danger of transmitting malaria. The frontier areas of Hainan and Yunnan are the main areas where malaria is currently endemic in China. Travelers who have more access to mosquito in the wild are still required Health guidance, strengthen anti-mosquito measures.