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目的:评估血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和血清星形胶质源性蛋白(S-100β)水平对胆道闭锁患儿活体肝移植后围手术期脑损伤及术后认知功能的影响。方法:收集天津市第一中心医院2015年1月至2016年1月40例胆道闭锁患儿作为研究组，均行活体肝移植手术，年龄4～12个月，体重4～10 kg，美国麻醉学医师协会分级Ⅲ或Ⅳ级，选择同期进行肠套叠或腹股沟疝手术的40例患儿为对照组。研究组分别于麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后切皮即刻(T1)、无肝期30 min(T2)、新肝期1 h(T3)、新肝期24 h(T4)时采集右颈内静脉血样，对照组分别于麻醉前(T0)和手术后24 h(T4)采集右颈内静脉血样，采用酶联免疫法检测血清NSE和S-100β浓度，记录各时间点心率(HR)，平均动脉压(MAP)，中心静脉压(CVP)和脑电双频指数(BIS)，分析活体肝移植受者围术期血清S-100β和NSE水平的变化规律。术前1 d，术后2周及术后1个月时利用贝利婴幼儿发展量表评价所有患儿神经认知情况，结果以智力发展指数(MDI)、运动发展指数(PDI)表示；采用儿童麻醉苏醒期谵妄评分于拔管后30 min、2h、4h评价患儿苏醒期谵妄情况。结果:研究组术中无肝期和新肝再灌注期血清S-100β和NSE变化显著。下腔静脉阻断后，血清S-100β和NSE浓度明显增高(n P<0.05)，新肝再灌注期上述指标逐渐恢复(n P0.05)。研究组中，与术前1 d比较，研究组患儿术后2周MDI、PDI有所下降(n P<0.05)，术后1个月较前上升(n P0.05)，研究组中，患儿拔管后30 min测得谵妄率高达30%，拔管后2 h及4 h谵妄发生率较小。对照组中，患儿拔管后30 min、2 h及4 h谵妄发生率均较小(n P<0.05)。n 结论:血清NSE和S-100β蛋白水平对评价活体肝移植患儿围手术期的脑损伤具有临床意义，可判断及预测患儿术后谵妄及认知障碍。“,”Objective:To explore the changes of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β protein (S-100β) during perioperative period in infants undergoing living liver transplantation and examine the effect of brain injury.Methods:From January 2015 to January 2016 in Department of Anesthesiology First Central Clinical College Tianjin Medical University, study group was composed of forty infants of congenital biliary atresia with an age range of (4-12) months, a body weight of (4-10) kg and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class Ⅲ/Ⅳ. Another 40 infants undergoing general surgery were selected as control group. In study group, blood samples were harvested from central vein pre-operation (T0), before skin incision (T1), 30 min after anhepatic phase (T2), 1 h of neohepatic phase (T3) and 24h after hepato-reperfusion (T4). In control group, blood samples were collected at pre-operation (T0) and 24 h post-operation (T4). Serum levels of S-100β, NSE, heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP) and bispectral index (BIS) were monitored at T1-4 and end of surgery. All children were assessed by Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID) at Day 1 pre-operation and 2/4 weeks post-operation for observing mental and motor development status. The results were described with mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI). Pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) was employed for evaluating the severity of delirium during the recovery stage at 30 min and 2/4h post-extubation.Results:In study group, serum levels of S-100β and NSE changed significantly during non-hepatic and neohepatic reperfusion phases. After inferior vena cava occlusion, serum concentrations of S-100β and NSE spiked (n P<0.05) and gradually recovered during neohepatic reperfusion period (n P0.05). In study group, as compared with Day 1 pre-operation, MDI/PDI decreased at Week 2 post-operation (n P<0.05) and increased from Month 1 post-operation (n P<0.05). Both MDI and PDI were lower than control group before and at Week 2 post-operation (n P<0.05). MDI/PDI of study group basically reached the preoperative level at Month 1 post-operation (n P0.05). In study group, the delirium rate was up to 30% post-extubation and decreased at 2/4h post-extubation. In control group, the incidence of delirium was low at 30 min and 2/4h post-extubation (n P<0.05).n Conclusions:Perioperative evaluations of serum levels of NSE and S-100β are significant for predicting the postoperative onsets of delirium and cognitive impairment in children with living donor liver transplantation.