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目的研究心肌梗死(心梗)后心力衰竭(心衰)大鼠的中医证候学特点。方法通过结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支的方法建立心梗后心衰大鼠模型。术后7天、4周、8周时分别观测模型组与对照组大鼠一般状况、舌象、心率、呼吸频率、力竭性游泳时间等中医学表征,探究动物中医学表征特点。结果模型组大鼠7天、4周还是8周射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短率(FS)均较对照组明显降低(P<0.01);模型组大鼠的舌质L值、R值、G值、B值在7天、4周和8周均较对照组明显降低(P<0.05、P<0.01);在7天、4周和8周3个时间点模型组大鼠呼吸频率较对照组明显加快(P<0.05),力竭性游泳时间明显缩短(P<0.05);7天时,模型组心率较对照组差异无统计学意义,至4周时模型组心率较对照组明显加快(P<0.05),至8周时2组大鼠心率仍有差异(P<0.05)。结论心梗后心衰大鼠模型中医证候特点为血瘀与气虚兼见,且血瘀证出现早于气虚证,符合“由瘀致虚”的证候特点。
Objective To study the TCM syndrome characteristics of heart failure (CHF) rats after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods The rat model of heart failure after myocardial infarction was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery. At 7 days, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation, the Chinese medicine characters such as general condition, tongue, heart rate, respiratory rate and exhaustive swimming time in model group and control group were observed respectively. Results The ejection fraction (EF) and short axis shortening (FS) in model group were significantly lower than those in control group at 7 days, 4 weeks or 8 weeks (P <0.01) The values of G, B were significantly lower at 7, 4 and 8 weeks (P <0.05, P <0.01). At 3, 7, 4 and 8 weeks, The frequency of exhaustive swimming was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P <0.05). At 7 days, there was no significant difference in the heart rate between the model group and the control group (P <0.05). At 8 weeks, the heart rate of the two groups was still different (P <0.05). Conclusions The TCM syndromes of rat model of heart failure after myocardial infarction are characterized by both blood stasis and qi deficiency, and blood stasis syndrome appears earlier than qi deficiency syndrome, which accords with syndrome characteristics of stasis caused by stasis.