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【目的】研究不同行株距配置对两种穗型小麦品种生育后期光合特性及产量的影响,为不同类型品种超高产栽培的行株距配置提供理论依据。【方法】以中多穗型济麦20和大穗型山农8355为材料,探讨5种行株距配置对产量构成及生育后期光合、衰老特性等指标的调控作用。【结果】均等行株距和窄行宽株距可显著提高孕穗至花后7d的叶面积系数和群体净光合速率。旗叶净光合速率随着行距扩大和株距的缩小而提高,且提高幅度随着时间推移逐渐增加。不同行株距处理的抗氧化酶活性与旗叶光合速率变化趋势一致,与丙二醛含量相反。大穗型山农8355灌浆中后期抗衰特性和光合速率优于中多穗型济麦20。光合速率与籽粒产量的相关不显著,群体光合速率与产量构成三因素的相关显著性因生育进程而呈现较大差异,群体与旗叶光合速率自开花14d开始呈显著正相关。【结论】行株距配置可有效调控小麦产量构成三因素并最终影响籽粒产量;宽行窄株距可改善生育后期光合特性,延缓衰老;实现高产的最佳行株距配置依品种类型而异。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of spacing between rows and rows on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of two spike-type wheat cultivars at the later growth stage, and to provide a theoretical basis for the allocation of plant-to-shoot spacing of different types of cultivars. 【Method】 The effects of five kinds of plant spacing configurations on the yield components and the photosynthesis and senescence characteristics at later growth stage were studied by using medium and more panicle type Jimai 20 and large panicle type Shannon 8355 as materials. 【Result】 The results showed that the leaf area coefficient and net photosynthetic rate of booting to flower 7 days after booting were significantly increased with the same row spacing and narrow row spacing. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves increased with the increase of row spacing and the decrease of plant spacing, and the increase rate increased gradually with the passage of time. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in flag leaves at different row spacing were the same as those of flag leaf photosynthetic rate, but opposite to that of malondialdehyde. The anti-aging characteristics and photosynthetic rate of mid-late filling stage of large-spike Shanyin 8355 were better than that of mid-multi-spike Jimai 20. The correlation between photosynthetic rate and grain yield was insignificant. The correlation significance of three factors of population photosynthesis rate and yield composition showed great difference due to the growth process. The photosynthetic rate of population and flag leaf had a significant positive correlation with the 14th day after flowering. 【Conclusion】 Row spacing can effectively control three factors of wheat yield and eventually affect grain yield. Wide and narrow row spacing can improve photosynthetic characteristics and retard aging in later growth period. The optimal row spacing and yield of different yield varieties are different.