论文部分内容阅读
在离体花药培养的条件下,改变配子体的发育途径为孢子体的发育途径,以类似无性繁殖方式发育成花粉植株,经染色体二倍化后可以获得玉米纯系。花药培养玉米纯系遗传性状稳定,群体整齐一致,既不因遗传基础高度纯合而发生畸形变异,也不因连续自交繁殖而导致生活力明显下降。实践证明,杂种双亲的优良性状,通过染色体重组,可以综合到一个配子,“群花”纯系既具525自交系的强配合力,又具有 C103的抗病性便是一个很好的例证。这样,只要注意选择好亲本,就有可能通过花药培养方法培育出更多具有双亲优良性状的纯系。花培纯系的优良性状能在早代稳定,并能真实遗传给杂种后代。因而,一旦获得花培纯系后,便可在早代测交,进行配合力测定和产量比较试验,从而缩短玉米育种周期,节省人力物力,加快杂种优势利用。
Under the conditions of in vitro anther culture, the development pathway of gametophytes is changed to the developmental way of sporophytes, pollen plants are developed in asexual reproduction manner, and the pure lines of corn can be obtained after chromosome doubling. Anther culture of pure lines of anther genetic stability of corn, the same group of neat, neither because of genetic homozygosity and genetic abnormalities occur, nor because of continuous inbreeding and lead to significant decline in viability. It has been proved that the excellent traits of hybrid parents can be integrated into one gamete by chromosomal recombination. The pure flower of “Qunhua” is a good example of both the strong combining ability of 525 inbred lines and the resistance of C103 . In this way, as long as the attention to choose a good parent, it is possible to cultivate by anther culture more pure lines of parents with good traits. The fine traits of flower pure line can be stable in the early generation and can be truly inherited to the hybrid offspring. Therefore, once the flower-pure line is obtained, it can be measured in the early generation, and the test of combining ability and yield can be shortened, so as to shorten the breeding cycle of maize, save manpower and material resources, and accelerate the utilization of heterosis.