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目的探讨新生儿接种血源性乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(Blood-borne Hepatitis B Vaccin,HepB-B)后的长期免疫效果。方法对1986年出生并接种HepB-B的对象隔年随访1次,考核HepB-B接种率、及时接种率,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen,HBsAg)、抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体(Antibody to HBsAg,Anti-HBs)、抗乙肝病毒核心抗原抗体;1998年以后对HepB-B免疫人群开展乙肝发病监测。结果 HepB-B接种率、及时接种率持续稳定在98%左右。20年间12次随访检测HBsAg阳性率始终<1%,20年平均HBsAg阳性率0.61%,较免疫前本底同年龄组HBsAg阳性率下降93.59%。免疫后20年HBsAg阳性率为0.54%,低于20年平均HBsAg阳性率(0.61%),显示HepB-B远期保护效果良好。1986年后出生并已接种HepB-B的对象中,仅2002年和2007年各报告1例乙肝。结论新生儿HepB-B免疫后20年尚无需加强免疫。
Objective To investigate the long-term immunological effects of newborn blood-borne Hepatitis B Vaccin (HepB-B). Methods HepB-B inoculated with HepB-B in 1986 was inspected once a year for one year. HepB-B vaccination rate, timely vaccination rate, blood samples were collected to detect Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody (Anti-HBs) and anti-hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) anti-HBs antibodies. After 1998, HepB-B immunized population was monitored for hepatitis B incidence. Results HepB-B vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate continued to stabilize at about 98%. The positive rate of HBsAg was always <1% in 12 follow-up tests in 20 years. The average positive rate of HBsAg in 20 years was 0.61%, which was 93.59% lower than that in the same age group before immunization. The positive rate of HBsAg in 20 years after immunization was 0.54%, lower than the 20-year mean HBsAg positive rate (0.61%), indicating long-term protective effect of HepB-B. Of the subjects born after 1986 and who had been vaccinated against HepB-B, only one reported hepatitis B in 2002 and 2007 respectively. Conclusion Neonatal HepB-B does not need to be boosted after 20 years of immunization.