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经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）已逐渐成为诊治胆胰管疾病的重要手段之一。ERCP 术后胰腺炎（PEP）是其最常见的严重并发症，近几年发生率已升至40％。如何预防 PEP 一直是临床研究的热点。对药物预防 PEP 的研究进展进行了综述，认为目前仍需大样本量的临床对照试验对预防药物是否有效进行证实，且最佳用药时间、给药途径、剂量等方面也需进一步探究；此外，不同国家的人口特点、各年龄阶段人群均需列入临床研究的考虑范围之内。“,”Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)has become an important method for the diagnosis and treatment of cholangio -pancreatic duct diseases.Post -ERCP pancreatitis (PEP)is the most common complication and its incidence has increased up to 40% in recent years.The prevention of PEP has always been a hot topic in clinical research.This article reviews the research advances in the pharmacological prevention of PEP and points out that controlled clinical trials with a large sample size are still needed to investigate the effect of preventive drugs,and further studies should focus on optimal medication time,route of administration,and dose.In addition,de-mographic features of populations from different countries and different age groups should be taken into consideration.