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目的探讨沉船救援士兵心理应激特点及影响因素,为制定救援士兵早期心理干预提供科学依据。方法采用90项症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90)对某部391名士兵进行了测评,其中参加沉船灾难救援的士兵290人,未参加的101人;救援参与者中接触尸体者214名,未接触尸体者76名。结果参与救援士兵的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、偏执、精神病性因子及总分显著高于非救援组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);接触尸体者的躯体化、强迫、人际关系、焦虑、敌对性、偏执因子分及总分显著高于未接触尸体者,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。救援组士兵中10年以上兵龄组与5年以内兵龄组和5~10年兵龄组焦虑因子得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论沉船救援士兵存在一定程度的创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD),以接触尸体为内容的救援任务对救援士兵具有较大的心理创伤;平时部队的心理训练、执行救援任务前简短的心理动员是预防或减轻沉船救援士兵PTSD的有效途径,早期心理干预是预防沉船灾难救援士兵PTSD的核心环节。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of psychological stress in rescuing soldiers and provide a scientific basis for the early psychological intervention of rescuing soldiers. Methods A total of 391 soldiers were evaluated using 90 Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), including 290 soldiers who participated in the disaster rescue of wrecks, and 101 people who did not participate in the rescue. 214, no contact with the body of 76 people. Results The level of somatization, compulsion, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid, psychotic factors and total scores of soldiers participating in the rescue were significantly higher than those of the non-rescue group (P <0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups Somatization, coercion, interpersonal relationship, anxiety, hostility, paranoid factor scores and total scores were significantly higher than those without corpses, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). There were significant differences in the scores of anxiety factors among the soldiers aged more than 10 years in the rescue group, those in the military age group of 5 years and the military age group of 5 to 10 years (P <0.05). Conclusions There is a certain degree of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in rescuing soldiers on the wrecks, and the rescue mission involving the dead bodies has a great psychological trauma to the rescuing soldiers. In normal times, the units’ psychological training and rescue missions The brief briefing before the psychological mobilization is an effective way to prevent or reduce the PTSD of the shipwrecked rescue soldiers. Early psychological intervention is the core link of PTSD prevention of shipwrecked disaster rescuers.