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腐蚀是材料在使用过程中必然要发生的一种现象,它给人类带来了巨大的危害,我们所做的工作,就是通过各种途径,使腐蚀减少到最低程度。 在海洋中航行的船舶,其腐蚀问题尤为突出。腐蚀不仅降低了船舶材料的强度,缩短了船舶的使用寿命,同时增加航行阻力,降低航速,影响运输能力。更为严重的是,一旦出现穿孔或开裂,还会导致海损事故的发生。因此,船舶必须进行腐蚀防护。按照目前的船舶钢结构腐蚀防护体系(有机涂层防护体系),其防护寿命只有1～2年,而船舶上其它主要设备、仪器(如发动机)的寿命可达10～20年,所以,使用寿命存在着严重的不同步问题。船舶钢结构每隔1～2年就要进行一次大规模的防腐蚀处理,局部小面积的防腐蚀维护工作随时都要进行。船舶频繁的防腐蚀处理工作严重影响了船舶的出航率,降低了船上其它设备、仪器的使用效率,增加船舶维修经费,其后果直接影响船舶航行经济性的提高。由此可见,对船舶进行长期而有效的腐蚀防护是至关重要的。 一、海洋环境影响是船舶腐蚀的主要因素 船舶腐蚀环境主要是海洋环境。影响海洋腐蚀的主要因素有:海水温度、海水含盐度、海洋大气温度和海洋大气湿度。一般说来,海水温度、海水含盐度、海洋大气温度和海洋大气湿度越高,其腐蚀环境越恶劣,腐蚀程度越严重。 我?
Corrosion is a phenomenon that the material inevitably takes place in the course of its use. It has brought tremendous harm to human beings. The work we have done is to minimize the corrosion by various means. The problem of corrosion in ships sailing on the ocean is particularly prominent. Corrosion not only reduces the strength of the ship material, shorten the life of the ship, while increasing the resistance to navigation, reducing speed, affecting transport capacity. What is more serious is that in the event of perforation or cracking, it will also lead to the occurrence of maritime damage. Therefore, the ship must be protected from corrosion. According to the current ship steel corrosion protection system (organic coating protection system), the protective life of only 1-2 years, and other major ship equipment, equipment (such as engine) life expectancy of up to 10 to 20 years, so the use of Life there is a serious problem of unsynchronized. Ship steel structure every 1 to 2 years to conduct a large-scale anti-corrosion treatment, the local small area of anti-corrosion maintenance at any time to be carried out. Frequent anti-corrosion treatment of ships has a serious impact on the ship’s sailing rate, reducing the efficiency of the use of other equipment and instruments on board and increasing the funding for vessel maintenance. The consequences directly affect the economy of ship sailing. It can be seen from this that it is of crucial importance to carry out long-term and effective corrosion protection on ships. First, the marine environment is the main factor of the ship’s corrosion Corrosion of the ship environment is mainly the marine environment. The main factors affecting the marine corrosion are: sea water temperature, seawater salinity, oceanic atmosphere temperature and atmospheric humidity. In general, the higher the seawater temperature, the salinity of the seawater, the temperature of the marine atmosphere and the humidity of the marine atmosphere, the worse the corrosive environment and the more serious the corrosion. I?