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2011年3月11日日本地震引发的核电站事故,导致全球对核电安全的关注。福岛核电站在由地震引发的失水事故后,最初用于冷却的纯水不断蒸发变少。在应急冷却过程中,不得已而将海水注入以冷却堆芯。该电站几个机组的堆内主要结构材料是奥氏体不锈钢304和316L。海水对堆芯内结构材料具有强烈的腐蚀性,尤其是海水中的Cl离子会使奥氏体不锈钢产生晶间腐蚀和点蚀,
The nuclear accident caused by the Japan earthquake on March 11, 2011, led to the global concern about the safety of nuclear power. Fukushima nuclear power plant in the accident caused by the earthquake after the loss of water, the initial cooling water used to evaporate less. During emergency cooling, seawater is forced to cool down the core. The main structural material of several units of the power plant is austenitic stainless steel 304 and 316L. Seawater has a strong corrosiveness to the structural materials in the reactor core. In particular, Cl ions in seawater can cause intergranular corrosion and pitting in austenitic stainless steel,