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目的了解某县农村义务教育学校为学生提供的营养午餐的膳食结构、营养质量和学生满意度,为指导学校改善午餐质量、保证营养午餐的健康发展提供参考。方法采用问卷和现场调查15所学校学生对营养午餐的满意度,对其中3所学校用记账法进行为期1个月的膳食调查,应用《WS/T100-1998学生营养午餐供给量标准》进行比较评价。结果被调查的3所学校的5大类食物供给奶类为0;粮谷类、动物性食品、大豆及其制品、蔬菜、植物油村小为标准的124%、140%、197%、225%和274%,超过要求;小学为88%、72%、104%、133%和108%,粮谷类、动物性食品未达到要求;初中为标准的71.5%、115%、100%、123%和137%,粮谷类食品低于要求。午餐营养素中能量、铁摄入量均达到标准,钙、锌、视黄醇当量接近或低于标准,村小、小学和初中的蛋白质供给分别为标准的118.8%、68.9%、85.6%,脂肪占总热量的42.2%、22.2%和33.6%。受调查学生对营养午餐的满意度总体评价为村小满意79.5%、基本满意为17.1%、不满意3.4%;小学满意为34.3%、基本满意为52.8%、不满意为12.9%;初中满意为32.5%、基本满意为53.5%、不满意为14.0%;男生满意为36.1%、基本满意为49.6%、不满意为14.3%,女生满意为37.5%、基本满意为51.7%、不满意为10.8%;满意度存在组间和性别差异。结论学生营养午餐的膳食结构不合理,营养状况不平衡。学生对营养午餐的满意度随年级增加而降低,女生满意度高于男生。
Objective To understand the dietary structure, nutritional quality and student satisfaction of nutritious lunches provided by rural compulsory education schools in a county, so as to provide reference for guiding schools to improve their lunch quality and ensure the healthy development of nutritious lunches. Methods Fifteen school students were asked about their satisfaction with nutritious lunch by questionnaire and on-the-spot investigation. One month’s dietary survey was conducted by the three schools using the accounting method, and the “WS / T100-1998 Student Nutritional Lunch Supply Standards” More evaluation. Results The five categories of foodstuffs supplied by the three schools surveyed provided 0 for dairy products; 124%, 140%, 197% and 225% of the standard cereals, animal foods, soybeans and their products, vegetables and vegetable oil 274% exceed the requirements; primary school is 88%, 72%, 104%, 133% and 108%, cereals and animal foods do not meet the requirements; junior middle school is 71.5%, 115%, 100%, 123% and 137 %, Cereals below the requirement. The energy intake and iron intake in lunch nutrient all reached the standard. The calcium, zinc and retinol equivalents were close to or below the standard. The protein supply of village, primary and junior high school were 118.8%, 68.9% and 85.6% of the standard, respectively 42.2%, 22.2% and 33.6% of the total calories. The overall satisfaction of the students surveyed for nutritious lunches was 79.5% satisfied with the village, 17.1% were unsatisfied with basic satisfaction, 34.3% were satisfied with primary school, 52.8% were unsatisfied with satisfaction, 12.9% were unsatisfied; 32.5%, 53.5% were unsatisfied, 14.0% were unsatisfied; 36.1% were satisfied with boys, 49.6% were satisfied with them, 14.3% were dissatisfied, 37.5% were satisfied with girls, 51.7% were satisfied with them and 10.8% Satisfaction exists between groups and gender differences. Conclusion The nutrition structure of student nutrition lunch is not reasonable and the nutritional status is not balanced. Students’ satisfaction with nutritious lunches decreased with their grade and their satisfaction with girls was higher than that of boys.