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目的探讨呋喃树脂砂铸造工艺可能存在的职业病危害因素的种类及分布特征、接触水平及其对接触人群健康的影响。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,收集观察期内现场流行病学调查资料、危害检测资料和人群健康资料,比较接触组与对照组之间观察指标变化的差异。结果工作场所总粉尘质量浓度均值21.34 mg/m3,样本超标率69.37%;沉降尘游离二氧化硅水平均值22.67%;空气中主要化学物质质量浓度符合国家职业接触限值;临床体格检查结果显示:神经衰弱症状、呼吸道刺激症状、接触性皮炎、胸片肺纹理与不规则阴影增多等,接触组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);肺通气功能损伤接触组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论粉尘危害仍是树脂砂铸造职业危害控制的重点,工作场所多种物质的联合作用以及低剂量长期接触对人体健康效应的研究应引起关注。
Objective To explore the types and distribution characteristics of occupational hazards that may exist in the process of furan resin sand casting, the level of exposure and their effects on the health of the exposed population. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect field epidemiological survey data, hazard detection data and population health data during the observation period, and to compare the difference of observation indexes between the contact group and the control group. Results The average concentration of total dust in the workplace was 21.34 mg / m3, the sample exceeded the standard rate of 69.37%; the mean value of sedimentation dust free silica was 22.67%; the concentration of major chemical substances in the air was in line with the national occupational exposure limits; clinical physical examination showed: Neurasthenic symptoms, respiratory irritation symptoms, contact dermatitis, chest X-ray texture and irregular shadows increased, the contact group were higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01); lung ventilation injury group was significantly higher In the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions Dust hazard is still the key point in the occupational hazards control of resin sand casting. The joint effect of multiple substances in the workplace and the research on human health effects caused by low-dose long-term exposure should be concerned.