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本文在介绍济贫法与工业革命历程的基础上,阐述了英国四位自由主义思想家对于济贫法的批判思想。亚当·斯密认为,济贫法阻碍了劳动力和资本的自由流动;在马尔萨斯看来,人为的济贫法干扰了大自然的人口抑制法则;斯宾塞则指出,济贫法不仅扰乱了优胜劣汰的进化法则,而且扼杀了人类的美好天性;霍布豪斯赞同社会救助,但认为传统的济贫法不足以促进个人自立与发展。最后,笔者提出,自由主义济贫法批判思想具有体现并满足近代资产阶级需要的双重功效,但是这种批判并不足以否定济贫法制度的正向功能。
Based on the introduction of the law of poor poverty and the industrial revolution, this article expounds the critical thinking of the four poor libertarians in Britain. According to Adam Smith, the poor-aid law hindered the free flow of labor and capital. In Malthus’s opinion, the artificial poverty-relief law interfered with nature’s demographic repression. Spencer pointed out that the poverty relief law not only disrupted the evolutionary law of the survival of the fittest But also stifles the good nature of mankind. Hobshaus agrees with social assistance but believes that the traditional law of poor people is not enough to promote self-reliance and development. Finally, the author puts forward that the critique idea of Liberalism for Poverty Alleviation Act has the dual effect of reflecting and meeting the needs of modern bourgeoisie, but such criticism does not sufficiently deny the positive function of the system of Poverty Alleviation.