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目的了解昌平区中小学教学环境卫生学现状。方法 2009年11月至2010年1月,对辖区71所中小学校教学环境严格按照学校卫生标准的要求进行了监测,监测项目计算合格率并进行中小学校之间、城乡学校之间的比较。结果课桌椅分配符合率38.73%,小学高于中学(χ2=5.278,P<0.05),城镇高于乡村(χ2=6.157,P<0.05);玻地比合格率30.28%,乡村高于城镇(χ2=7.629,P<0.05);采光系数和后侧墙反射系数合格率分别为54.93%和35.21%,其城乡学校之间及中小学校之间差异均无统计学意义;灯桌间距合格率35.92%,小学高于中学(χ2=4.095,P<0.05),城镇高于乡村(χ2=4.243,P<0.05);桌面平均照度合格率46.49%,其城乡学校之间及中小学校之间差异均无统计学意义;黑板反射系数合格率80.28%;室温、CO2含量、相对湿度、室内噪声合格率分别为71.83%、67.61%、46.48%和87.32%;16.67%的城镇中学女厕所蹲位不足,10.39%的乡村学校男小便池长度不够,9.09%的乡村学校厕所为旱厕或水旱兼有,便后洗手设施不足或无洗手设施。结论昌平区中小学教学环境存在诸多问题,应引起有关部门的高度重视。
Objective To understand the status of primary and secondary school teaching and environmental hygiene in Changping District. Methods From November 2009 to January 2010, 71 primary and secondary school teaching environments in the area were strictly monitored according to the requirements of school health standards, and the pass rates of monitoring projects were calculated and compared between primary and secondary schools and between urban and rural schools. Results The distribution rate of desks and chairs was 38.73%, higher than primary schools (χ2 = 5.278, P <0.05), higher than towns and villages (χ2 = 6.157, P <0.05) (χ2 = 7.629, P <0.05). The passing rate and the reflection coefficient of back wall were 54.93% and 35.21% respectively. There was no significant difference between urban and rural schools and between primary and secondary schools; (Χ2 = 4.095, P <0.05). The urban area was higher than the rural area (χ2 = 4.243, P <0.05). The average passing rate of desktop illumination was 46.49%. The difference between urban and rural schools and primary and secondary schools was 35.92% The black box reflectance pass rate was 80.28%; room temperature, CO2 content, relative humidity and indoor noise passing rate were 71.83%, 67.61%, 46.48% and 87.32% respectively; 16.67% , 10.39% of rural schools had inadequate length of male urinals, 9.09% of rural school toilets were used as dry toilets or both water and drought. Afterwards, inadequate hand washing facilities or no hand washing facilities were available. Conclusion There are many problems in the teaching environment of primary and secondary schools in Changping District, which should arouse the attention of relevant departments.