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目的了解流感嗜血杆菌对目前几种常用于本菌治疗的抗生素的耐药性，为临床治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析１９９５年１２月～１９９７年１２月本院临床微生物中心从临床标本中分离出的１０６株流感嗜血杆菌，其中２１株采用Ｈ－Ｚ定量细菌药敏测试（微量稀释法），８５株采用ＫｉｒｂｙＢａｕｅｒ琼脂扩散纸片法。结果流感嗜血杆菌对５种常用药物的敏感性测试结果显示：复方新诺明耐药率最高达３１．３７％，其次为头孢呋肟酯（３１．２５％），伊托红霉素及氨苄西林的耐药率也分别达２７．１２％、２５．４７％，而头孢克罗耐药率最低为１５．４％。单药耐药２１／１０６（１９．８％），２种或２种药以上耐药２７／１０６（２５．５％），３种或３种药以上耐药１０／１０６（９．４％），氨苄西林＋头孢呋肟酯联合耐药７／１０６（６．６％）。结论流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林、头孢呋肟酯、伊托红霉素及复方新诺明有较高的耐药率，它们作为第一线治疗药物地位受到挑战；头孢克罗的耐药率较低，仍为治疗流感嗜血杆菌较为有效的抗菌药物。
Objective To understand the current resistance of H. influenzae to antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of this bacterium and to provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods Retrospective analysis of 106 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens from December 1995 to December 1997 in our hospital, of which 21 strains were tested by H-Z quantitative bacteriological sensitivity test (microdilution method) 85 strains were Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion paper method. Results The susceptibility test of Haemophilus influenzae to five kinds of commonly used drugs showed that the highest rate of cotrimoxazole was 31.37%, followed by cefuroxime axetil (31.25%), erythromycin and Ampicillin resistance rates were also 27.12%, 25.47%, while the lowest rate of cefaclor resistance was 15.4%. 21/106 (19.8%) were single-drug resistant, 27/106 (25.5%) were resistant to two or more drugs, and three were resistant to more than three drugs (10/106% ), Ampicillin + cefuroxime axetil combined resistance 7/106 (6.6%). Conclusion Haemophilus influenzae has a high resistance rate to ampicillin, cefuroxime axetil, etidronin and cotrimoxazole and they are challenged as the first-line treatment drug. The resistance rate of cefaclor Lower, still more effective for the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae antibiotics.