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说明文教学是提高学生语文能力的重要组成部分,是增强教学能力的一个方面,更是教学改革的关键环节。经过多年的教学实践使我体会到:第一必须克服重散文、议论文教学,忽视说明文教学的思想倾向。那种认为说明文好教,学生易掌握的观念,是不正确的。学生习作中说明文佳作较少就是明显的例证。第二,在设计课堂教学时,首先要确定好一篇说明文的重点和难点。要因课而异,不能干篇一律,一定要抓准被说明事物的本质特征,然后引导学生着重剖析,落实反映事物本质特征的重点的字、词、句、段。至于非本质的要从属于本质的特征。第三,指导学生准确理解、掌握和运用知识。说明文涉及到好多学科知识。例如,天文学、地质学、生物学、语言学、科技、工艺、园林、花卉等。
Explaining the teaching is an important part of improving the students’ language ability. It is one aspect of enhancing the teaching ability, and it is also the key link of teaching reform. After many years of teaching practice, I realized that: First, we must overcome heavy prose, argumentative teaching, and ignore the ideological tendency of instructional teaching. The notion that it is easy to teach students to explain and teach students is not correct. This is clearly illustrated by the fact that student work is less illustrative. Second, when designing classroom teaching, we must first determine the key points and difficulties of an explanatory text. To be different from one class to another, one must not be allowed to do one thing. We must grasp the essential characteristics of the stated things, and then guide the students to analyze and implement the key words, words, sentences and paragraphs that reflect the essential characteristics of things. As for the non-essential, it should be subordinate to the essential characteristics. Third, guide students to accurately understand, master and apply knowledge. The explanatory text involves a lot of subject knowledge. For example, astronomy, geology, biology, linguistics, science and technology, crafts, gardens, flowers, etc.