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作物病虫害是制约农业生产的重要生物因素,为了取得农田生态系统最大的生物量,必须与病虫害作斗争。化学防治虽然有效,但残留农药造成的环境污染,却成了各国政府面临的难题。1992年里约热内卢环发会议,唤醒了人类的环境意识,绿色食品浪潮开始冲击世界农产品市场,如何使农业优质高产,又不损害环境质量,成了科学研究的重要课题。专家们认为,培育抗病、抗虫、抗锈良种,是解决农田环境问题的好办法。但是,传统的抗性育种费事耗工,效率很低。随着生物工程技术的崛起,80年代末,美国孟山部公司,用生物高技术推出了世界第一例抗烟草花叶病番茄,自此,基因转化技术、
Crop pests and diseases are important biological factors restricting agricultural production. In order to obtain the maximum biomass of farmland ecosystems, we must fight against pests and diseases. Although chemical control is effective, the environmental pollution caused by residual pesticides has become a problem that governments of all countries are facing. In 1992, Rio de Janeiro Conference aroused people’s environmental awareness. The wave of green food started to impact the world agricultural products market. How to make agriculture produce high quality without damaging the quality of the environment has become an important issue in scientific research. Experts believe that fostering disease-resistant, insect-resistant and rust-resistant varieties is a good way to solve farmland environmental problems. However, traditional resistance breeding is labor intensive and inefficient. With the rise of bioengineering technology, in the late 1980s, Monsanto Corporation of the United States launched the world’s first anti-tobacco mosaic tomato with high-tech bio-technology. Since then, gene transformation technology,