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本文介绍国外在电学自然基准研究工作中最近取得的两项重大突破。第一项是在半导体表面物理的研究中发现了一种新的物理效应——Klitzing效应,利用此种效应可以建立电阻的自然基准。第二项是研制成了多结串联的零偏置电流的约瑟夫逊器件,使利用交流约瑟夫逊效应建立的电压自然基准的精确度可得到大幅度的提高。
This article introduces two major breakthroughs recently made by foreign countries in the study of electrical and physical basis. The first is the discovery of a new physical effect, the Klitzing effect, in the study of semiconductor surface physics, which allows us to establish a natural basis for resistance. The second is the development of a multi-junction series of zero bias current Josephson devices, so that the exchange of Josephson effect established by the natural voltage accuracy can be greatly improved.