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为探讨城市妇女在产后1年内的哺乳类型、闭经状况和避孕行为,本研究采用前瞻性随访研究方法,对1996年6月起在山东省淄博市5所区级医院分娩的496名产妇进行登记,并对其中有活产的494名妇女于产后42天、4个月和1年时进行访视。1年访视率为98.8％。被访视对象96.1％为初产妇。访视结果显示,完全母乳喂养妇女产后4个月时月经恢复率为14.7％,而混合喂养者为29.2％(P<0.05)。产后第1个月37.7％的妇女避孕,第2个月为62.3％,前3个月以使用避孕套为主。自产后3个月起宫内节育器使用率逐渐增加。寿命表法分析表明,依产后顺序月为序,完全哺乳概率与产后闭经概率的降低呈一致趋势。在产后4个月时产后闭经概率仍为68.2％,提示提高完全母乳喂养率,有助于哺乳期自然避孕的可行性。为保护母婴健康,防止产后非意愿妊娠的发生,应加强服务网络间联系和适时地为产后妇女提供优质服务。妇幼保健与计划生育服务相结合应成为我国基层初级生殖保健的方向。
To investigate the types of breastfeeding, amenorrhea and contraception in urban women within one year after delivery, a prospective follow-up study was conducted to register 496 pregnant women who gave birth in five district hospitals in Zibo City, Shandong Province from June 1996. , And 494 of them, among the live births, visited at 42 days, 4 months and 1 year after delivery. 1-year visit rate was 98.8%. 96.1% of the respondents were primipara. The results of the interview showed that the menstruation recovery rate was 14.7% in fully breastfeeding women at 4 months postpartum compared with 29.2% (P <0.05) in mixed feeding. 37.7% of women in the first month postpartum contraception, 62.3% in the first two months, the first 3 months to use condoms. The use of IUD gradually increased from 3 months after birth. Life table analysis shows that, according to the sequence of postpartum month order, the probability of complete breastfeeding and post-natal amenorrhea probability consistent with the trend. The postnatal amenorrhea probability was still 68.2% at 4 months postpartum, suggesting that increasing the rate of complete breastfeeding would be helpful to the natural contraception during lactation. In order to protect the health of mothers and babies and prevent the occurrence of unwanted pregnancy after giving birth, it is necessary to strengthen the links between service networks and provide timely and quality post-natal services for postpartum women. The combination of maternal and child health care and family planning services should become the direction of grassroots primary reproductive health care in our country.