论文部分内容阅读
目的探讨住院麻疹患者的临床表现及流行新特点,为预防提供有针对性的参考对策。方法将462例麻疹患者分为婴儿组(16d～＜1岁),儿童组(1～17岁)、成人组(18～50岁),对其临床资料进行总结分析。结果观察期间各月份均有麻疹住院病例,1～6月份398例,占86．1%,5月份最高,为104例,高发时间较以往向后延迟近1个月。流动人口患病多于常住人口,占68．2%。1岁以内婴儿占住院麻疹患者的49．6%,成人占28．1%。高发年龄段明显提前。麻疹集中好发年龄段,婴儿组为6～9个月龄,占64．6%；儿童组为1～5岁,占70．9%；成人组为18～39岁。占86．2%。8个月龄以上、符合麻疹计划免疫接种条件的349例中,接种疫苗者占12．0%,未接种者占88．0%；婴儿组中符合接种条件的116例中有17例接种疫苗,占14．7%；儿童组有接种史者占17．5%；成人组有明确疫苗接种史者仅占5．4%。有明确麻疹接触史者占19．0%。临床以上呼吸道卡他症状、充血性皮疹和发热为主要表现,婴儿组以肺炎、腹泻和白细胞升高多见,成人组则为一过性血尿和腹泻。结论麻疹发病以流动人口为主,免疫接种率低。应加强流动儿童麻疹疫苗的接种或补种,其中婴儿免疫接种的起始月龄应适当提前。为保护易感人群,建议加强成人麻疹免疫抗体水平的监测,育龄妇女应列为强化免疫和监测的重点人群。
Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and epidemic new features of measles patients in hospital and provide targeted reference strategies for prevention. Methods 462 measles patients were divided into infants (16d ~ <1 year old), children (1 ~ 17yrs) and adults (18 ~ 50yrs), and their clinical data were analyzed. Results During the observation period, there were measles hospitalizations in all months, 398 cases in January-June, accounting for 86.1%, the highest in May, 104 cases. The high-incidence time was delayed by nearly 1 month than in the past. The floating population suffered more than the resident population, accounting for 68.2%. Infants in 1 year old accounted for 49.6% of hospitalized measles patients, adults accounted for 28.1%. High incidence of age significantly ahead of schedule. Measles concentrated predominant age group, the infant group of 6 to 9 months, accounting for 64.6%; children aged 1 to 5 years, accounting for 70.9%; adult group of 18 to 39 years old. Accounting for 86.2%. Of the 349 patients who were eligible for measles immunization over 8 months of age, 12.0% were vaccinated and 88.0% were unvaccinated, and 17 out of 116 infants who were eligible for immunization received vaccination , Accounting for 14.7%; children inoculated with history accounted for 17.5%; adults with a clear history of vaccination only 5.4%. A clear history of measles exposure accounted for 19.0%. Clinical symptoms of catarrhal above the respiratory tract, congestive rash and fever as the main performance, infants with pneumonia, diarrhea and leukocytosis more common in adult group was transient hematuria and diarrhea. Conclusion The incidence of measles is mainly floating population with low immunization rate. Vaccination or replanting of migrant children measles should be strengthened. The starting age of infant immunization should be appropriately advanced. In order to protect susceptible populations, it is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of adult measles immunity antibodies, and women of childbearing age should be listed as the key population for intensive immunization and surveillance.