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抗原是一类能刺激机体的免疫系统,产生抗体试致敏淋巴细胞,并能与相应抗体或致敏淋巴细胞在体内、体外发生特异性结合的物质。抗原具有两种性能:①免疫原性,也称抗原性,即刺激机体产生抗体或致敏淋巴细胞的性能;②反应原性,也称免疫反应性,即与相应的抗体或致敏淋巴细胞特异性结合的性能。同时具备上述两种性能的抗原称完全抗原,如细菌、病毒、动物免疫血清等。只具有免疫反应性而无免疫原性的物质称不完全抗原,也叫半抗原,如大多数多糖和某些药物等。半抗原与体内蛋白质结合,可获得免疫原性,成为完全抗原。
Antigen is a class of substances that stimulate the body’s immune system to produce antibody-sensitized lymphocytes that specifically bind to the corresponding antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Antigen has two properties: ① immunogenicity, also known as antigenicity, that stimulate the body to produce antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes performance; ② reactogenicity, also known as immunoreactivity, that is, with the corresponding antibody or sensitized lymphocytes Specific binding properties. At the same time have the above two properties of the antigen called complete antigen, such as bacteria, viruses, animal immune serum. Only immunoreactive and non-immunogenic substances called incomplete antigen, also known as haptens, such as most polysaccharides and certain drugs. Hapten and protein in the body, can be immunogenicity, become a complete antigen.