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一、科研管理的一般情况1.科研经费来源于多种渠道。美国和加拿大不同类型的科研单位其经费来源亦各不相同。政府隶属的科研单位,经费一般由上级拨给,每年经费指标主要根据上报科研计划,签订合同或投标经批准后拨款,并考虑通货膨胀等因素.留有余地,一般而言,经费逐年均略有增加。同时,这些单位还积极面向社会,承担各方面的任务,从而获得资金。美国农业部农业研究局所属154个研究站点,每年经费达5亿美元;一个40多人的水保研究所每年经费为150～200万美元;一个50多人的泥沙研究所每年经费为
First, the general situation of scientific research 1. Scientific research funding from a variety of sources. Different types of research institutes in the United States and Canada also have different sources of funding. The scientific research units affiliated to the government are usually funded by their superiors. The annual funding targets are mainly based on the scientific research plans submitted, the contracts signed or the bids approved after approval, taking into account factors such as inflation, etc. In general, There is increase. At the same time, these units are also actively facing the society and undertaking various tasks in order to obtain funding. USDA 500 million dollars a year is spent on 154 research sites owned by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, a $ 40 million to $ 2 million annual grant from a 40-member Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, and an annual funding of more than 50 sediment research institutes