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目的：建立检测下呼吸道感染婴幼儿粘膜细胞呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）抗原的方法。方法：以生物素标记兔抗RSV抗体，鼻咽部粘膜细胞涂片与该抗体作用后加链霉亲和素-过氧化物酶反应，二氨基联苯胺显色，显微镜下观察结果。结果：RSV抗原总阳性率为41．6％，临床典型和可疑病例抗原检出率分别为47．9％和44．9％，临床不典型者阳性率12．5％（X2=7．9，P＜0．05）。阳性标本中细胞着成棕色，易与阴性标本相区别。结论：本法简便、快速，具有一定敏感性和特异性，适合于基层推广应用。
Objective: To establish a method for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigen in infants with lower respiratory tract infection. Methods: Rabbit anti-RSV antibody was labeled with biotin. Nasopharyngeal mucosa smear and streptavidin-peroxidase reaction were performed after the antibody was applied. The color of diaminobenzidine was observed and observed under microscope. Results: The total positive rate of RSV antigen was 41.6%. The positive rates of clinical typical and suspicious cases were 47.9% and 44.9%, respectively, and those with atypical clinical manifestations were 12.5% (X2 = 7.9 , P <0.05). Positive specimens of cells into a brown, easy to distinguish with negative specimens. Conclusion: This method is simple, rapid, has certain sensitivity and specificity, suitable for the promotion and application of grassroots.